Hibernate技术学习 https://www.itkc8.com
一：什么是关联映射？
1：单向关联：只能通过一方(也称为主控方)找到另一方,反之则不能。
2：双向关联：通过关联的任一方都能够找到另一方。
3：不使用连接表的关联：在某一个表中定义一个外键字段，用于和另一个表中的主键进行关联，(侵入式设计方式)。
4：使用关联表的关联：通过定义另外一个表将两个表联系起来，在新定义表中的字段是被关联表中的主键字段，(非侵入式设计方式)。
定义关联关系：
1：在持久化类中，主控方持久化类持有关联对象，通常将受控方以属性的方式保存在对象中。
2：在映射关系中，使用one-to-one、one-to-many、many-to-one、many-to-many定义映射关系，而对于one-to-many、many-to-many需要使用集合持有。
二：单向多对一关联many-to-one
1：“多”方为主控方，主控方对象持有外键，通过持有外键找到与之对应的对象，”多“方对象包含一个与之关联的”一“方对象，这个对象以属性的方式存在对象中。
package com.goddog.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class School implements Serializable{
//"一方"
private long schoolID;
private String schoolName;
private String schoolAddress;
//此处省略了属性getter()和setter();
}/**
*
*/
package com.goddog.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author HUXU
*
*/
public class Student implements Serializable {
//"多方"
private long studentID;
private String studentNumber;
private String studentName;
private School school;//Student(多端)通过属性school对School(一端)进行访问，因此，在持久化类Student中设置school属性
//此处省略了属性getter()和setter();
}
<!-- School.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.goddog.bean">
<class name="com.goddog.bean.School" table="T_SCHOOL" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">school_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="schoolName" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_NAME" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="schoolAddress" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_ADDRESS" length="100" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Student.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.goddog.bean">
<class name="com.goddog.bean.Student" table="T_STUDENT" schema="goddog">
<id name="studentID" type="long">
<column name="STUDENT_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">student_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="studentNumber" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_Number" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="studentName" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_NAME" length="10" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<many-to-one name="school" column="SCHOOL_ID"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>先创建one之后在创建many，这种是最佳实践
三：单向一对多关联(one-to-many)
1：就是多对一关联的逆向操作，外键方式(不推荐)和关系表方式(推荐)
2：以外键方式实现时，“一方”为主控方，“多方”对象持有外键，“一方”持久化类除了定义基本属性外，还需要定义一个集合类型的属性，
“一方”通过集合属性找到与之对应的对象集合，在映射文件中，使用one-to-many定义一对多关系映射。
/**
* @author HUXU
* @category 单向一对多关联
*/
public class Schooldx implements Serializable{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private long schoolID;
private String schoolName;
private String schoolAddress;
private Set<Studentdx> students = new HashSet<Studentdx>();
//省略set()和get()方法<Studentdx>();
//省略set()和get()方法package com.goddog.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author HUXU
* @category 单向一对多关联
*/
public class Studentdx implements Serializable{
private long studentID;
private String studentNumber;
private String studentName;
//省略set()和get()方法
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Schooldx.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.goddog.bean">
<class name="com.goddog.bean.Schooldx" table="T_SCHOOL" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">school_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="schoolName" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_NAME" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="schoolAddress" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_ADDRESS" length="100" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<set name="students">
<key column="SCHOOL_ID"/>
<one-to-many class="com.goddog.bean.Studentdx"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Studentdx.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.goddog.bean">
<class name="com.goddog.bean.Studentdx" table="T_STUDENT" schema="goddog">
<id name="studentID" type="long">
<column name="STUDENT_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">student_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="studentNumber" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_Number" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="studentName" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_NAME" length="10" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
如果在<set>元素中增加inverse属性和cascade属性。cascade属性表示进行级联操作，其值可以为all、save-update、delete或none;inverse属性值为true时,表示由另一方维护关联关系,在本例中由"多"端维护关联关系。
<set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all">
<key column="SCHOOL_ID"/>
<one-to-many class="com.goddog.bean.Studentdx"/>
</set>
四：双向的多对一关联
在实际应用中，双向多对一(双向一对多)关联映射经常被使用，双向多对一关联是单向多对一和单向一对多的组合。
/**
* @author HUXU
* @category 单向一对多关联
*/
public class Schooldx implements Serializable{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private long schoolID;
private String schoolName;
private String schoolAddress;
private Set<Studentdx> students = new HashSet<Studentdx>();
//省略set()和get()方法<Studentdx>();
//省略set()和get()方法/**
*
*/
package com.goddog.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author HUXU
*
*/
public class Student implements Serializable {
//"多方"
private long studentID;
private String studentNumber;
private String studentName;
private School school;//Student(多端)通过属性school对School(一端)进行访问，因此，在持久化类Student中设置school属性
//此处省略了属性getter()和setter();
}<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Schooldx.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.goddog.bean">
<class name="com.goddog.bean.Schooldx" table="T_SCHOOL" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">school_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="schoolName" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_NAME" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="schoolAddress" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_ADDRESS" length="100" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<set name="students">
<key column="SCHOOL_ID"/>
<one-to-many class="com.goddog.bean.Studentdx"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Student.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.goddog.bean">
<class name="com.goddog.bean.Student" table="T_STUDENT" schema="goddog">
<id name="studentID" type="long">
<column name="STUDENT_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">student_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="studentNumber" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_Number" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="studentName" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_NAME" length="10" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<many-to-one name="school" column="SCHOOL_ID"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
最佳实践：在双向关联中，在set标签中设置inverse="true"来表明自己不维护关系
五：多对多关联：(many-to-many)
1：在实现多对多关联时,只能采用连接表来完成，如学生表(STUDENT)、课程表(COURSE)、关系表(STUDENT_COURSE)。
2：单向多对多关联
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- StudentCourse.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.manytomany.bean">
<class name="com.manytomany.bean.Student" table="T_STUDENT" schema="goddog">
<id name="studentID" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_ID" length="20" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">student_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="studentNumber" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_NUMBER" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="studentName" type="string">
<column name="STUDENT_NAME" length="100" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<set name="course" table="STUDENT_ID" inverse="true" cascade="all">
<key column="STUDENT_ID"/> <!-- 主控方字段名 -->
<many-to-many column="COURSE_ID" class="com.manytomany.bean.Course"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>
<class name="com.manytomany.bean.Course" table="T_COURSE" schema="goddog">
<id name="courseID" type="string">
<column name="COURSE_ID" length="20"/>
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">course_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="courseName" type="string">
<column name="COURSE_NAME" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
3：双向多对多关联
双向多对多关联和单向多对多关联的区别在于：双向多对多关联要在两个持久化类中声明关联到对方的属性如：private Set course=new HashSet();private Set students = new HashSet();还要在两个映射文件中配置<many-to-many>元素
最佳实践：只用使用了many-to-many在任意一段维护关系都非常的麻烦，所以在程序开发基本不会使用many-to-many，而是使用一个中间对象来完成两端的one-to-many
六：一对一关联
1：基于外键的一对一关联，很常用，属于多对一关联的特例
基于外键的单向一对一关联用法基本与单向的多对一关联相同，只是多了unique="true"
<many-to-one name="" column="" cascade="all" not-null="true" unique="true"/>基于外键的双向一对一关联通过联合使用<many-to-one>和<one-to-one>元素进行配置，在每个持久化类中声明一个所关联的持久化类的对象，在没有配置关联映射的一方配置
<one-to-one>元素，如
<one-to-one name="" class="" property-ref=""/>其中property-ref属性值要和<many-to-one>元素中的name属性值保持一致，指定了所关联的对象。
2：基于主键的一对一关联,如：SCHOOL(学校表)、SCHOOLMASTER(校长表)，关联的两个表共享一个主键SCHOOL_ID
基于主键的单向一对一关联
/**
*
*/
package com.onetoone;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author HUXU
*
*/
public class School implements Serializable {
private long schoolID;
private String schoolName;
private String schoolAddress;
//此处省略set()和get()方法
}
/**
*
*/
package com.onetoone;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author HUXU
*
*/
public class SchoolMaster implements Serializable {
private long schoolID;
private String masterName;
private School school;
//此处省略了set()和get()方法
}
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- SchoolMaster.hbm.xml -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.onetoone.bean">
<class name="com.onetoone.bean.SchoolMaster" table="SCHOOLMASTER" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="foreign">
<param name="property">school</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="masterName" type="string">
<column name="MASTER_NAME" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<one-to-one name="school" class="com.onetoone.School" constrained="true" cascade="all"></one-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>注意:foreign生成器有一个名称为property的参数，其值为持久化类SchoolMaster中声明的所关联的持久化类的对象。<one-to-one>元素的name属性值和foreign生成器的property参数值一致，class属性值为所关联的持久化类，constrained属性表示两个表之间是否存在约束关系，值为“true”表明SCHOOLMASTER表的主键同时作为外键和关联表的主键联系；
基于主键的双向一对一关联(在另一方增加one-to-one)
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.onetoone.bean">
<class name="com.onetoone.bean.School" table="SCHOOL" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0"/>
<generator class="assigned"></generator>
</id>
<property name="schoolName" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_NAME" length="10" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="schoolAddress" type="string">
<column name="SCHOOL_ADDRESS" length="10" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<one-to-one name="schoolMaster" class="com.onetoone.bean.SchoolMaster" cascade="all"/>
</class>
<class name="com.onetoone.bean.SchoolMaster" table="SCHOOLMASTER" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="foreign">
<param name="property">school</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="masterName" type="string">
<column name="MASTER_NAME" length="50" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<one-to-one name="school" class="com.onetoone.School" constrained="true" cascade="none"></one-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
基于关联表的一对一关联(极少用到)，如学校表SCHOOL、地址表ADDRESS、学校-地址关联表SCHOOLADDRESS
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.onetoone.bean">
<class name="com.onetoone.bean.School" table="SCHOOL" schema="goddog">
<id name="schoolID" type="long">
<column name="SCHOOL_ID" precision="38" scale="0"/>
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">school_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<join table="SCHOOLADDRESS" optional="true">
<key column="SCHOOL_ID" unique="true"/>
<many-to-one name="address" column="ADDRESS_ID" not-null="true" unique="true"></many-to-one>
</join>
</class>
<class name="com.onetoone.bean.Address" table="ADDRESS" schema="goddog">
<id name="addressID" type="long">
<column name="ADDRESS_ID" precision="38" scale="0" />
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">address_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<join table="SCHOOLADDRESS" optional="true" inverse="true">
<key column="ADDRESS_ID" unique="true"/>
<many-to-one name="school" column="SCHOOL_ID" not-null="true" unique="true"/>
</join>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Hibernate技术学习 https://www.itkc8.com
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