Linux环境编程--文件IO

 通过文件IO来进行写入文件，读取文件等操作

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#define TRUE	1
#define FALSE	0
#define MAX_ID_LEN	10
#define MAX_NAME_LEN	30
#define FILE_NAME	"data"

typedef int BOOL;
typedef struct _DATE{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
}DATE_T;

typedef struct _STUDENT{
	char id[MAX_ID_LEN];
	char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
	DATE_T birthday;
	int height;
	struct _STUDENT * next;
}STUDENT_T;

BOOL toDate(DATE_T * date,char *szBuf)
{
	char * cha=(char*)szBuf;
	if(sscanf(cha,"%d-%d-%d",&(date->year),&(date->month),&(date->day))!=-1)	{
		return TRUE;
	}
	else
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
}

void insert(STUDENT_T ** head,STUDENT_T *data)
{
	//二级指针,要解引用,&head是实参,&head+1会加上结构体占用的字节数
	//
	while(*head)
	{
		if(strcmp(data->id,(*head)->id)>0)
		{
			//如果头节点的下一个存在
			//优先级要注意，*head->next会先做head->next
			if((*head)->next && strcmp(data->id,(*head)->next->id)<0)
			{
				data->next=(*head)->next;
				(*head)->next=data;
				break;
			}
			else if((*head)->next && strcmp(data->id,(*head)->next->id)>=0)
			{
				*head=(*head)->next;
			}
			else
			{
				(*head)->next=data;
				break;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			//temp指针没有分配新的内存，所以不需要释放，函数调用完会把局部变量删除
			//二级指针怎么改变一级指针的指向
			STUDENT_T *temp=NULL;
			temp=data;
			data=*head;
			*head=temp;
			(*head)->next=data;
			break;
		}
	}
}

void save(STUDENT_T *head)
{
	FILE *fp=NULL;
	char str[100];
	sprintf(str,"%s%s%s%s",getenv("HOME"),"/linux/cproject/",FILE_NAME,".txt");
	printf("save str:%s\n",str);
	fp=fopen(str,"a+");
	if(fp==NULL)
	{
		exit(-1);
	}
	while(head)
	{
		//也可以用*head.成员
		fputs("id:\t",fp);
		fputs(head->id,fp);
		fputc('\0',fp);
		fputc('\n',fp);
		fputs("name:\t",fp);
		fputs(head->name,fp);
		fputc('\0',fp);
		fputc('\n',fp);
		//这里要用.运算符，因为STUDENT_T中定义的不是Date
		fprintf(fp,"%d",(head->birthday).year);
		fputs("-",fp);
		fprintf(fp,"%d",(head->birthday).month);
		fputs("-",fp);
		fprintf(fp,"%d",(head->birthday).day);
		fputc('\0',fp);
		fputc('\n',fp);
		fprintf(fp,"%d",head->height);
		fputc('\0',fp);
		fputc('\n',fp);
		
		head=head->next;
	}
	fclose(fp);
}

void load(STUDENT_T **head)
{
	//load是通过文件流来读取学生信息的
	FILE * fp=NULL;
	char str1[100];
	sprintf(str1,"%s%s%s%s",getenv("HOME"),"/linux/cproject/",FILE_NAME,".txt");
	fp=fopen(str1,"r");
	printf("load str1:%s\n",str1);
	if(fp==NULL)
	{
		printf("file not exists!");
		exit(-1);
	}
	char str[50];
	while((fgets(str,50,fp))!=NULL)
	{
		fputs(str,stdout);
		fputs("\n",stdout);
	}
	fclose(fp);
}

void output(STUDENT_T * head)
{
	//output是读取内存中学生链表的信息，而不是从文件流中读取
	while(head)
	{
		printf("id:\t%s \n name:\t%s \n birthday:\t%d-%d-%d \n height:\t %d \n",
				head->id,head->name,(head->birthday).year,(head->birthday).month,(head->birthday).day,
				head->height);
		head=head->next;
	}
}

void release(STUDENT_T * head)
{
	//释放占用的内存
	while(head->next->next)
	{
		STUDENT_T * temp=NULL;
		temp=head->next;
		//指针指向的内存被释放之后，指针变量中的值不变，也就是说指针指向的内存区域不变，虽然这块内存可能被释放了
		free(head);
		//所以要重新给head指针赋值
		head=temp;
		temp=temp->next;
	}
	//从子代开始释放,这里只剩下两个结构体了
	free(head->next);
	free(head);
}

STUDENT_T * create()
{
	STUDENT_T *head=NULL,*p=NULL;
	char szBuf[1024];
	while(1)
	{
		p=(STUDENT_T *)malloc(sizeof(STUDENT_T));
		if(!p)
		{
			printf("Memory overflow!\n");
			break;
		}
		printf("Please input id (0 for exit): ");
		scanf("%s",p->id);
		if(strcmp(p->id,"0")==0)
		{
			break;
		}
		printf("Please input name: ");
		scanf("%s",p->name);
		do
		{
			printf("Please input date(format of yyyy-mm-dd): ");
			scanf("%s",szBuf);
			//结构体当参数传递时，传的是值而不是地址
			if(toDate(&p->birthday,szBuf))
			{
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				printf("Invalid date format\n");
			}
		}while(1);
		printf("Please input height (unit of cm): ");
		//只有数组名或者指针(字符串)才是地址,才能用->
		scanf("%d",&p->height);
		//一开始执行这里
		if (!head)
		{
			head=p;
		}
		else
		{
			//传的是指针变量的地址，这个指针是指向STUDENT_T结构体的，所以用的时候要先解引用
			insert(&head,p);
		}
	}
	return head;
}

int main()
{
	STUDENT_T *head=create();
	if(!head)
	{
		printf("Create list failed!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	printf("The student info created: \n");
	output(head);
	save(head);
	//release(head);
	
	load(&head);
	printf("The student info loaded: \n");
	output(head);

	release(head);
	return 0;
}