线性规划是一种优化问题的求解方法,可以用来解决工作分配问题。下面是一个 Java 实现的工作分配示例:
假设有三个工人,可以完成三种工作,每个工人的工作效率不同,每种工作需要的时间也不同。现在需要确定每个工人分别完成哪些工作,以使得总工作时间最短。
首先,我们定义每个工人的效率和每种工作需要的时间:
```java
double[] efficiency = {0.5, 0.8, 0.6}; //每个工人的效率
double[][] time = {{2, 3, 1}, {4, 1, 2}, {2, 5, 3}}; //每种工作需要的时间
```
然后,我们使用 Apache Commons Math 库中的 SimplexSolver 类来求解线性规划问题:
```java
import org.apache.commons.math3.optim.linear.LinearConstraint;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optim.linear.LinearObjectiveFunction;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optim.linear.Relationship;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optim.linear.SimplexSolver;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optim.linear.UnboundedSolutionException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.optim.linear.UnboundedSolutionException;
//定义目标函数和约束条件
LinearObjectiveFunction objective = new LinearObjectiveFunction(new double[]{time[0][0], time[0][1], time[0][2], time[1][0], time[1][1], time[1][2], time[2][0], time[2][1], time[2][2]}, 0);
ArrayList<LinearConstraint> constraints = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
constraints.add(new LinearConstraint(new double[]{1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, Relationship.EQ, 1));
constraints.add(new LinearConstraint(new double[]{0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0}, Relationship.EQ, 1));
constraints.add(new LinearConstraint(new double[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1}, Relationship.EQ, 1));
constraints.add(new LinearConstraint(new double[]{1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0}, Relationship.LEQ, efficiency[i]));
constraints.add(new LinearConstraint(new double[]{0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0}, Relationship.LEQ, efficiency[i]));
constraints.add(new LinearConstraint(new double[]{0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1}, Relationship.LEQ, efficiency[i]));
}
//求解线性规划问题
SimplexSolver solver = new SimplexSolver();
try {
PointValuePair solution = solver.optimize(objective, new LinearConstraintSet(constraints), GoalType.MINIMIZE);
double[] values = solution.getPoint();
System.out.println("Worker 1: Job " + (int) values[0] + ", Job " + (int) values[1] + ", Job " + (int) values[2]);
System.out.println("Worker 2: Job " + (int) values[3] + ", Job " + (int) values[4] + ", Job " + (int) values[5]);
System.out.println("Worker 3: Job " + (int) values[6] + ", Job " + (int) values[7] + ", Job " + (int) values[8]);
} catch (UnboundedSolutionException e) {
System.out.println("The solution is unbounded!");
} catch (NoFeasibleSolutionException e) {
System.out.println("There is no feasible solution!");
}
```
上述代码中,目标函数为总工作时间,约束条件包括每个工人完成的工作数量、每种工作的完成数量以及每个工人的工作效率。使用 SimplexSolver 求解线性规划问题,得到最优解后输出每个工人分配的工作。