【wxWidgets】【响应Windows消息】【监听WM_DEVICECHANGE消息、解决监听不到DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL的问题、监测USB设备拔插】

缘由：在修改一份旧代码，是基于wxWidgets开发的，使用VS2017编译。修改过程中，发现wxWidgets需要响应WM_DEVICECHANGE消息，用来监测USB设备的拔插，但是，进一步发现，如果只是依靠wxWidgets本身提供的功能是不能知道USB设备插入（DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL）事件的。这其实涉及到几方面问题了。

1，wxWidgets怎么拦截/监听/响应Windows的消息？

只要在wxFrame的继承类重写下面MSWWindowProc函数即可，比如

//如果有必要就 #include <Windows.h>

WXLRESULT ProjectWindow::MSWWindowProc(WXUINT message, WXWPARAM wParam, WXLPARAM lParam)
{
	wxLogDebug(wxT("MSWWindowProc nMsg=%x,%x %x"), nMsg, wParam, lParam);
	if (WM_PAINT == message) {
		//...这里就可以额外响应WM_PAINT消息了。
	}
	return wxFrame::MSWWindowProc(message, wParam, lParam);
}

2，拦截/监听 WM_DEVICECHANGE消息

记住要包含头文件

#include <Dbt.h>
#include <usb.h>
#include <usbuser.h>
#include <usbiodef.h>

实践表明，单单就照着下面这么写，可以监听到WM_DEVICECHANGE，能知道DBT_DEVNODES_CHANGED，但是不能获取到DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL和DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE 事件。

WXLRESULT ProjectWindow::MSWWindowProc(WXUINT message, WXWPARAM wParam, WXLPARAM lParam)
{
	//wxLogDebug(wxT("MSWWindowProc %08x %08x %08x"), nMsg, wParam, lParam);
	if ( WM_DEVICECHANGE == message) 
	{    
		//注意，此时，只能获取到DBT_DEVNODES_CHANGED事件
		if ( DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL == wParam) {
			wxLogDebug(wxT("system detected a new device"));
		}
		else if( DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE == wParam ) {
			wxLogDebug(wxT("device is gone"));
		}
		else if( DBT_DEVNODES_CHANGED == wParam ) {
			wxLogDebug(wxT("device nodes changed"));
		}
	}
	return wxFrame::MSWWindowProc(message, wParam, lParam);
}

3，怎么知道USB设备拔插事件？

基于WM_DEVICECHANGE 要区分DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL和DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE事件，怎么实现？

关键之处就是，要额外注册USB设备事件，完整版如下

//Howard 2020-04-01
WXLRESULT ProjectWindow::MSWWindowProc(WXUINT message, WXWPARAM wParam, WXLPARAM lParam)
{
	//wxLogDebug(wxT("MSWWindowProc nMsg=%x,%x %x"), nMsg, wParam, lParam);
	if (WM_PAINT == message) {
		//仅仅方便测试，关键就是要注册！！
		static bool isNeedRegister = true;
		if (isNeedRegister) {
			isNeedRegister = false;

			DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE NotificationFilter;
			ZeroMemory(&NotificationFilter, sizeof(NotificationFilter));
			NotificationFilter.dbcc_size = sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE);
			NotificationFilter.dbcc_devicetype = DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE;
			NotificationFilter.dbcc_classguid = GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE;
			HWND hWnd = (HWND)this->GetHWND();
			RegisterDeviceNotification(hWnd, &NotificationFilter, DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE);
		}
	}

	else if ( WM_DEVICECHANGE == message)
	{
		wxLogDebug(wxT("WM_DEVICECHANGE %x %x"), wParam, lParam);
		if ( DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL == wParam) {
			wxLogDebug(wxT("system detected a new device"));//USB设备插入
		}
		else if( DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE == wParam ) {
			wxLogDebug(wxT("device is gone"));//USB设备拔出
		}
		else if( DBT_DEVNODES_CHANGED == wParam ) {
			wxLogDebug(wxT("device nodes changed"));
		}
	}
	return wxFrame::MSWWindowProc(message, wParam, lParam);
}

 

4，特别说明，设备类型与GUID

特别强调，对于监听HID设备，使用的GUID是不同的。不同类型设备，对应的GUID是有明确规定的。

Common Device Class GUIDs
Class	GUID	Device Description
CDROM	4D36E965-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	CD/DVD/Blu-ray drives
DiskDrive	4D36E967-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Hard drives
Display	4D36E968-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Video adapters
FDC	4D36E969-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Floppy controllers
FloppyDisk	4D36E980-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Floppy drives
HDC	4D36E96A-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Hard drive controllers
HIDClass	745A17A0-74D3-11D0-B6FE-00A0C90F57DA	Some USB devices
1394	6BDD1FC1-810F-11D0-BEC7-08002BE2092F	IEEE 1394 host controller
Image	6BDD1FC6-810F-11D0-BEC7-08002BE2092F	Cameras and scanners
Keyboard	4D36E96B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Keyboards
Modem	4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Modems
Mouse	4D36E96F-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Mice and pointing devices
Media	4D36E96C-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Audio and video devices
Net	4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Network adapters
Ports	4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	Serial and parallel ports
SCSIAdapter	4D36E97B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	SCSI and RAID controllers
System	4D36E97D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318	System buses, bridges, etc.
USB	36FC9E60-C465-11CF-8056-444553540000	USB host controllers and hubs

参考资料：

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devio/detecting-media-insertion-or-removal

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30399992/wm-devicechange-received-but-not-dbt-devicearrival-in-my-qt-app