SpringCloud个人总结笔记。

使用SpringCloud需要引入各组件的依赖

组件：SpringCloud-Alibaba-Nacos

依赖

注册中心

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置中心

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

注：使用SpringCloud-Alibaba-Nacos需要先下载并启动Nacos-Server

涉及注解

1.@EnableDiscoveryClient： 将服务注册到注册中心

• 例如

@EnableDiscoveryClient //将服务注册到注册中心
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
public class GulimallGatewayApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GulimallGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }

}

组件：SpringCloud-Feign

依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

涉及注解

1.@EnableFeignClients:　　写在主程序上来支持feign

• 例如

@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign") //开启Feign功能  并且扫描路径为com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign
@EnableDiscoveryClient //将服务注册到注册中心
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
public class GulimallGatewayApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GulimallGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.@FeignClient： 实现服务降级

• 例如：在com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign下有CouponFeign 接口

//value:调用的服务名  fallbackFactory:降级类/接口
@FeignClient(value = "gulimall-coupon",fallbackFactory =Coupon2Feign.class )
public interface CouponFeign {

    @RequestMapping("coupon/coupon/list")
    public R list(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> params);
}

3.@RibbonClient: 设置负载均衡规则

• 例如

//name 来指定调用的服务名称 configuration指定策略bean
@RibbonClient(name = "gulimall-coupon",configuration =RibbonConfig.class)
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign") //开启Feign功能  并且扫描路径为com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign
@EnableDiscoveryClient //将服务注册到注册中心
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
public class GulimallGatewayApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GulimallGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }

}
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负载均衡规则类如下(可自己实现需要实现IRule接口 ):
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfig  {

    @Bean
    public IRule getRibbon()
    {
        return  new RoundRobinRule();//轮询
        //return  new RandomRule();//随机
    }
}

4.@RequestMapping： 调用不同服务的接口

• 例如

@FeignClient(value = "gulimall-coupon" )
public interface Coupon2Feign {

    @RequestMapping("coupon/coupon/list")//调用服务的全路径
    public R list(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> params);
}

5.@LoadBalanced:　　在使用 RestTemplate 的时候 如果 RestTemplate 上面有 这个注解，那么 这个 RestTemplate 调用的 远程地址，会走负载均衡器

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced //开启负载均衡
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

组件：SpringCloud-hystrix

依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

涉及注解

1.@EnableCircuitBreaker： 开启断路器功能

• 例如

//开启断路器
@EnableCircuitBreake
//name 来指定调用的服务名称 configuration指定策略bean
@RibbonClient(name = "gulimall-coupon",configuration =RibbonConfig.class)
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign") //开启Feign功能  并且扫描路径为com.zpf.gulimall.member.feign
@EnableDiscoveryClient //将服务注册到注册中心
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
public class GulimallGatewayApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GulimallGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.@DefaultProperties： 全局熔断

• 例如

@Controller
@RequestMapping("user")
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "methodFullBack")//全局熔断
public class SysUserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserClient userClient;
    

    public String methodFullBack() throws IOException {

        return "服务器发生错误，请稍后重试。。。";

    }

    @GetMapping("getAllV4/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getAllV4(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id) {

        SysUser user = userClient.getUser(id);
        return user.toString();


    }
}

3.@HystrixCommand：局部熔断

• 例如

    @GetMapping("getAllV3")
    @ResponseBody
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "MethodFullBack")//fallbackMethod:调用失败的时候触发熔断方法
    public String MethodV3() throws IOException {
        ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://DomeService/main/getAll",String.class);
        return forEntity.toString();

    }

    public String MethodFullBack() throws IOException {

        return "服务器发生错误，请稍后重试。。。";

    }

组件：SpringCloud-geteway

依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

geteway的作用是在配置文件中对网关规则进行配置