Django自定义管理界面

模型

#app/model.py
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now()- datetime.timedelta(days=1)

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

注册模型
1.admin.site.register

#app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']    # 字段顺序=界面上字段展示顺序，可随意调整

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

2.装饰器写法

#app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question

@admin.register(Question)
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']

定制页面
基础定制

#app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Choice, Question

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3      # 提供3个Choice对象编辑区域

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # Question列表页面显示的内容
    list_display = ('pk', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
    # 点击可跳转
    list_display_links = ('pk', 'pub_date',)
    # 列表界面可编辑
    list_editable = ["question_text"]
    # 划分字段集合
    fieldsets = [
        (None, {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
    # 在Question页面编辑Choice对象
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]   
    # 过滤器
    list_filter = ['pub_date']
    # 搜索功能
    search_fields = ['question_text']
    # 按id降序排列
    ordering = ('-pk',)

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

改进模型方法的输出样式

#app/model.py
class Question(models.Model):
    # ...
    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = 'Published recently?'

修改admin页面顶端Django administratione文本

from django.contrib import admin

admin.site.site_header = 'Q&A管理系统'

admin日期字段格式化
1.单独更新某时间字段

#app/admin.py
list_display =  (..., 'simple_pub_date', ...)

 def simple_pub_date(self, obj):
        return obj.pub_date.strftime"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

 simple_pub_date.short_description="发布时间"

2.整个系统的时间格式都使用同一种日期格式，配置settings.py文件

#mysite/settings.py
USE_L10N = False
DATETIME_FORMAT = "Y-m-d H:i:sO"
date_format = 'Y-m-d'