目录
2.9 MySQL8.0服务启动脚本为mysql.server，路径：
1.准备
1.1操作系统版本：
Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 20201.2 MySQL安装包5.7和8.0（二进制通用版）
mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
可直接在官网下载
1.3远程连接工具：
Xshell 7
2.安装 MySQL（以8.0版本为例）
2.1本地上传安装包
上传至/opt目录下：
[root@localhost opt]# ll
total 1544308
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 666559924 Mar 21 12:58 mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 914806904 Mar 21 12:58 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz2.2解压安装包 tar -xf
[root@localhost opt]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost opt]# ll
total 1544308
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 666559924 Mar 21 12:58 mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Mar 21 15:45 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 914806904 Mar 21 12:58 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz2.3设置软链接 ln -s
[root@localhost opt]# ln -s /opt/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
total 284
drwxr-xr-x. 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 1 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 7161 31415 55 Jul 1 2021 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 7161 31415 282 Jul 1 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 6 7161 31415 201 Jul 1 2021 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 276551 Jul 1 2021 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 4 7161 31415 30 Jul 1 2021 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 666 Jul 1 2021 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 7161 31415 4096 Jul 1 2021 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 7161 31415 77 Jul 1 2021 support-files2.4设置环境变量
在/etc/profile文件的最后一行添加：export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH，并使用source命令使得文件生效：
[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql]# tail -3 /etc/profile
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profilemysql -V 查看MySQL的版本：
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.0.26 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)2.5创建MySQL用户和组
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# id mysql
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) groups=1001(mysql)2.6创建相关目录并修改权限
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /data/mysql80/data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*2.7写配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf基本配置
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql80/data
server_id=1
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock2.8初始化数据(initialize参数的异同)
方法一：--initialize 初始化分配管理员一个临时密码
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql80/data：
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql80/data
2022-03-21T11:39:46.872524Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /opt/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 16717
2022-03-21T11:39:46.881127Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-03-21T11:39:48.493066Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-03-21T11:39:49.432499Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-03-21T11:39:49.432740Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-03-21T11:39:49.474412Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QeZ<uwCIr4eg最后一行临时密码信息如下：
2022-03-21T11:39:49.474412Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QeZ<uwCIr4eg
管理员临时密码为：QeZ<uwCIr4eg
查看初始化后生成的文件：
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /data/mysql80/data
[root@localhost data]# ll
total 179640
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Mar 21 19:52 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Mar 21 19:52 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Mar 21 19:52 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Mar 21 19:52 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Mar 21 19:52 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 196608 Mar 21 19:52 #ib_16384_0.dblwr
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8585216 Mar 21 19:52 #ib_16384_1.dblwr
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 6082 Mar 21 19:52 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Mar 21 19:52 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Mar 21 19:52 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Mar 21 19:52 ib_logfile1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 6 Mar 21 19:52 #innodb_temp
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 143 Mar 21 19:52 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 28311552 Mar 21 19:52 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Mar 21 19:52 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Mar 21 19:52 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Mar 21 19:52 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Mar 21 19:52 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Mar 21 19:52 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 28 Mar 21 19:52 sys
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16777216 Mar 21 19:52 undo_001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16777216 Mar 21 19:52 undo_002方法二：--initialize-insecure 初始化管理员的密码为空
先删除方法一生成的文件 rm -rf /data/mysql80/data/*：
[root@localhost data]# rm -rf /data/mysql80/data/*
[root@localhost data]# ll
total 0初始化
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql80/data：
[root@localhost data]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql80/data
2022-03-21T11:57:15.861843Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /opt/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 16837
2022-03-21T11:57:15.866614Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-03-21T11:57:16.680582Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-03-21T11:57:17.269624Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-03-21T11:57:17.269860Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-03-21T11:57:17.333950Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.最后一行 root@localhost is created with an empty password：管理员的密码为空
2.9 MySQL8.0服务启动脚本为mysql.server，路径：
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@localhost data]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
[root@localhost support-files]# ll
total 20
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 7161 31415 1061 Jul 1 2021 mysqld_multi.server
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 2027 Jul 1 2021 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 7161 31415 10576 Jul 1 2021 mysql.server可以将其拷贝到存放系统服务的管理（启动与停止）脚本/etc/init.d目录下：
[root@localhost support-files]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3.启动mysql服务
方法一，以脚本方式启动：
[root@localhost support-files]# ./ mysql.server start
或者
[root@localhost support-files]# sh mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!方法二，以sys-v启动:
[root@localhost support-files]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!方法三，以systemd启动：
前提：先将启动脚本拷贝到/etc/init.d目录下，然后通过以下命令
systemctl enable mysqld：
[root@localhost support-files]# systemctl enable mysqld
mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on将其转换为systemd方式：
[root@localhost support-files]# systemctl restart mysqld4.查看MySQL服务是否启动
方法一：netstat -tulnp 查看端口
[root@localhost support-files]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# netstat -tulnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1350/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1582/master
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 22325/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 22325/mysqld方法二：ps -ef | grep mysqld 查看进程
[root@localhost support-files]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 16979 1 0 20:09 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql80/data --pid-file=/data/mysql80/data/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql 17133 16979 2 20:09 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql80/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql80/data/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 17182 1829 0 20:10 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld5.登录MySQL
因为后面是用--initialize-insecure参数初始化数据，管理员密码为空，登陆时在命令行敲入 mysql 然后回车即可登录
[root@localhost support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.26 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 6.安装遇到的问题
6.1上传问题
[root@localhost opt]# rz -E
-bash: rz: command not found上传失败，因为没有安装 lrzsz
解决办法： yum -y install lrzsz
[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install lrzsz6.2初始化数据问题
[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql80/data
mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory报错原因: Linux系统中缺少libaio-devel 软件包
解决：安装软件包即可
yum -y install libaio-devel6.3查看端口问题
[root@localhost support-files]# netstat -tulnp
-bash: netstat: command not foundnetstat命令不可用，需要安装net-tools解决：
yum -y install net-tools
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