JavaScript prototype（原型对象）

prototype 继承

所有的 JavaScript 对象都会从一个 prototype（原型对象）中继承属性和方法：

• Date 对象从 Date.prototype 继承。
• Array 对象从 Array.prototype 继承。
• Person 对象从 Person.prototype 继承。

prototype添加属性和方法:

<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
function Person(first, last, age, eye) {
  this.firstName = first;
  this.lastName = last;
  this.age = age;
  this.eyeColor = eye;
}

Person.prototype.nationality = "中国";

var myFather = new Person("John", "Doe", 50, "blue");
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
"我父亲的国籍是 " + myFather.nationality; 
</script>

 prototype 属性给对象的构造函数添加新的方法：

<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
function Person(first, last, age, eye) {
  this.firstName = first;
  this.lastName = last;
  this.age = age;
  this.eyeColor = eye;
}

Person.prototype.name = function() {
  return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName
};

var myFather = new Person("John", "Doe", 50, "blue");
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
"我的父亲是 " + myFather.name(); 
</script>

给已有的函数对象增加属性或者方法：

<script>
function Students(name, height, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.height = height;
    this.age = age;
    this.outputInfo  = function() {
        document.write('name = ' + this.name +  '<br\>' + 'height = ' + this.height + '<br\>');
    }
}

//增加一个新方法
Students.prototype.newFunction = function() {
    document.write('此方法是通过prototype继承后实现的');
}

var stu1 = new Students('zhang', 123, 12);
stu1.outputInfo();
stu1.newFunction();
</script>