二、Java学习笔记——Java流程控制

一、Scanner对象

用于获取用户的输入

1.基本语法

Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);

next()	获取输入的字符串
nextLine()	获取输入的字符串
hasNext()	判断是否还有输入数据
hasNextLine()	判断是否还有输入数据

1.1 next()

用next判断输入信息（不完整）：

• 读取到有效字符后才能结束
• 自动删除输入有效字符之前遇到的空白
• 输入有效字符后，将后面的空白作为结束符
• 不能读取带有空白字符串

package com.shen.BasicJava;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Prc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //create a scanner to scan input
        Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("use the 'next' to receive: ");

        //Check whether the user entered a string
        if (s.hasNext()){
            //receive the string
            String str = s.next();
            System.out.println("text is " + str);
        }

        // release the resources
        s.close();
    }
}

1.2 nextLine()——常用

• 以Enter为结束
• 可以获得空白
  用nextLine()判断输入的完整信息：

package com.shen.BasicJava;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Prc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //create a scanner to scan input
        Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("use the 'nextLine' to receive: ");

        //Check whether the user entered a string
        if (s.hasNextLine()){
            //receive the string
            String str = s.nextLine();
            System.out.println("text is " + str);
        }

        // release the resources
        s.close();
    }
}

2. 其他应用

整数和浮点数的判断

package com.shen.BasicJava;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Prc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int i = 0;
        float f = 0.0f;
        //create a scanner to scan input
        Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("please input a int");
        //Check whether the user entered a Int
        if (s.hasNextInt()){
            //receive the Int
            i = s.nextInt();
            System.out.println("Int is " + i);
        }else{
            System.out.println("It`s not a int");
        }

        // release the resources

        System.out.println("please input a float");
        //Check whether the user entered a float
        if (s.hasNextFloat()){
            //receive a float
            f = s.nextFloat();
            System.out.println("Float is " + f);
        }else{
            System.out.println("It`s not a float");
        }
        s.close();
    }
}

3. 实例

• 题目：输入多个数字求和求平均值，每输入一个数字用回车确认，通过输入非数字来结束输入并输出结果

package com.shen.BasicJava;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Prc {
    //题目：输入多个数字求和求平均值，每输入一个数字用回车确认，通过输入非数字来结束输入并输出结果
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int i = 0;
        double a = 0;
        double sum = 0;
        double ave = 0;

		//用while判断是否还有double类输入
        while (scanner.hasNextDouble()){
            a = scanner.nextDouble();
            i = i+1;	//++i;
            sum = sum + a;
            System.out.println("已输入" + i + "个数据");
        }

        ave = sum/i;
        System.out.println("The result of sum is " + sum);
        System.out.println("The result of average is " + ave);

        scanner.close();
    }
}

二、顺序结构

java中的基础结构

三、选择结构

3.1 if单选结构

语法

if(boolean){
	//if the boolean is true execute statement
}

3.2 if双选结构

语法

if(boolean){
	//if the boolean is true
}else{
	//if the boolean is false
}

3.3 if多选结构

语法

if(boolean1){
	//if the boolean1 is true
}else if(boolean2){
	//if the boolean2 is true
}else if(boolean3){
	//if the boolean3 is true
}else{
	//else
}

3.4 嵌套的if结构

语法

if(boolean1){
	//if boolean1 is true
	if(boolean2){
		//if boolean2 is true
	}
}

3.5 switch多选结构

• switch case语句判断一个变量是否与一系列中的某个值相等，每个值为一个分支。
• 语法

switch(expression){
	case value :
		//语句
		break;//可选
	case value :
		//语句
		break;//可选
	default ://可选
		//语句
}