VIM实用指南（10）打造惊艳绝伦的vim神器

效果展示

• 整体效果

• 支持定义、声明跳转

• 支持引用查找和跳转：
  

• 支持代码补全和snippet：

• 

  

• 支持语法错误提示（基于clangd）：
  

• 光标所在行高亮(采用了背景色轻红)：

• 行尾多余空格红色显示
  

• 开启vim自身的语法高亮功能，按照以下分类高亮：
  -

• 支持保存自动格式化（基于clang-format）

• 增加代码块虚线

[

• 选中一键注释
  

映射了windows几个常用的按键：

• ctrl+s=保存
• ctrl+c=复制，支持和系统剪切板互通，但和y、p命令不互通（此处占用了vim的列块模式）
• ctrl+v=粘贴（ctrl+v是vim的列块模式），支持和系统剪切板互通，但和y、p命令不互通
• space+f=查找（ctrl+f是vim的翻页）
• space+r=全局替换选中文本（ctrl+r是vim的重做）
• ctrl+a=全选
• ctrl+/ 注释选中文本，再次执行取消注释
• ctrl+n 新建tab标签
• tab 切换下一个tab标签
• shift-tab 正常模式下切换前一个tab标签，输入模式下反向缩进
• alt+数字 tab标签切换
• ctrl+j上移一行
• ctrl+k下移一行

配置流程

第一步
需要预装几个工具：

$ sudo apt install -y libclang-dev universal-ctags nodejs clang-format clangd

第二步
vim需要安装插件管理器，安装方法见其他文章，然后更新以上配置到~/.vimrc，打开vim，执行:PlugInstall

附录 .vimrc配置文件

filetype on " 開啓文件類型檢測
syntax enable "开启语法高亮,和systax on的区别是允许你使用highlight命令设置你喜欢的颜色，而systax on会覆盖你的修改，不管先后
set encoding=UTF-8 " 設置文件編碼

call plug#begin() " 安裝插件

" 没有tagbar好用，所以用tagbar替代
"Plug 'vim-scripts/taglist.vim' " depend command ctags
"let Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow=1
"let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = '/usr/bin/ctags'         "设定系统中ctags程序的位置
"let Tlist_Show_One_File = 1                    "不同时显示多个文件的tag，只显示当前文件的
"let Tlist_Auto_Update=1
"let Tlist_Display_Tag_Scope=1
"map <silent> <F9> :TlistToggle<CR>             "按F9等同于在命令行模式输入:TlistToggle
"autocmd vimenter *.c,*.cc,*.h,*.hpp,*.cpp :TlistOpen | wincmd p

" Use release branch (recommended)
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
" Make <CR> to accept selected completion item or notify coc.nvim to format
" <C-g>u breaks current undo, please make your own choice
inoremap <silent><expr> <CR> coc#pum#visible() ? coc#pum#confirm()
			\: "\<C-g>u\<CR>\<c-r>=coc#on_enter()\<CR>"
" Use `[g` and `]g` to navigate diagnostics
" Use `:CocDiagnostics` to get all diagnostics of current buffer in location list
nmap <silent> [g <Plug>(coc-diagnostic-prev)
nmap <silent> ]g <Plug>(coc-diagnostic-next)

" GoTo code navigation
nmap <silent> gd <Plug>(coc-definition)
nmap <silent> gy <Plug>(coc-type-definition)
nmap <silent> gi <Plug>(coc-implementation)
nmap <silent> gr <Plug>(coc-references)

" Highlight the symbol and its references when holding the cursor
autocmd CursorHold * silent call CocActionAsync('highlight')

" Symbol renaming
nmap <leader>rn <Plug>(coc-rename)

let g:coc_global_extensions = [
			\ 'coc-json',
			\ 'coc-tsserver',
			\ 'coc-clangd',
			\ 'coc-sh',
			\ 'coc-css',
			\ 'coc-html',
			\ 'coc-vimlsp',
			\ 'coc-cmake',
			\ 'coc-highlight',
			\ 'coc-pyright'
			\ ]

Plug 'vim-autoformat/vim-autoformat'
let g:autoformat_verbosemode=1 "开启详细模式便于查错
let g:formatdef_clangformat_google = '"clang-format-14 -style google -"' " 設置格式化命令，選擇clang-format, google風格
let g:formatters_c = ['clangformat_google'] " 對C語言進行格式化
let g:formatters_cpp = ['clangformat_google'] " 對C++語言進行格式化
"
"au BufWrite *.c,*.cc,*.cpp,*.h,*.hpp :Autoformat " 保存時自動格式化

Plug 'yggdroot/indentline' " 代码块虚线
Plug 'honza/vim-snippets' " 提供代碼片段

Plug 'ludovicchabant/vim-gutentags'
" gutentags搜索工程目录的标志，碰到这些文件/目录名就停止向上一级目录递归,
" 可以自行添加 "
let g:gutentags_project_root = ['.root', '.bashrc', '.profile']

" 所生成的数据文件的名称 "
let g:gutentags_ctags_tagfile = '.tags'

" 将自动生成的 tags 文件全部放入 ~/.cache/tags 目录中，避免污染工程目录 "
let s:vim_tags = expand('~/.cache/tags')
let g:gutentags_cache_dir = s:vim_tags

" 检测 ~/.cache/tags 不存在就新建 "
if !isdirectory(s:vim_tags)
	silent! call mkdir(s:vim_tags, 'p')
endif

" 配置 ctags 的参数 "
let g:gutentags_ctags_extra_args = ['--fields=+niazS', '--extra=+q']
let g:gutentags_ctags_extra_args += ['--c++-kinds=+pxI']
let g:gutentags_ctags_extra_args += ['--c-kinds=+px']

Plug 'https://github.com/preservim/nerdtree', { 'on': 'NERDTreeToggle' } " NERD tree will be loaded on the first invocation of NERDTreeToggle command
map <F4>  :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeWinPos = "right"
autocmd vimenter * NERDTree | wincmd p "auto open and go to previous (last accessed) window.
autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTree") && b:NERDTree.isTabTree()) | q | endif " auto close if nerdtree is the last open win
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '+' " 配置目录展开的符号
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '-' " 配置目录折叠的符号
let NERDTreeIgnore = ['\.pyc$', '\.swp', '\.swo', '__pycache__', '\.o', '\.class'] " 文件忽略列表
let NERDTreeMouseMode = 3 " single click mouse will fold/unfold the dir or open file


Plug 'tiagofumo/vim-nerdtree-syntax-highlight'
"Highlight full name (not only icons). You need to add this if you don't have vim-devicons and want highlight.
let g:NERDTreeFileExtensionHighlightFullName = 1
let g:NERDTreeExactMatchHighlightFullName = 1
let g:NERDTreePatternMatchHighlightFullName = 1
"Highlight full name (not only icons). You need to add this if you don't have vim-devicons and want highlight.
let g:NERDTreeHighlightFolders = 1
"highlights the folder name
let g:NERDTreeHighlightFoldersFullName = 1
"you can add these colors to your .vimrc to help customizing
let s:brown = "905532"
let s:aqua =  "3AFFDB"
let s:blue = "0000FF"
let s:darkBlue = "44788E"
let s:purple = "834F79"
let s:lightPurple = "834F79"
let s:red = "AE403F"
let s:beige = "F5C06F"
let s:yellow = "F09F17"
let s:orange = "D4843E"
let s:darkOrange = "F16529"
let s:pink = "CB6F6F"
let s:salmon = "EE6E73"
let s:green = "8FAA54"
let s:Turquoise = "40E0D0"
let s:lightGreen = "31B53E"
let s:white = "FFFFFF"
let s:rspec_red = "FE405F"
let s:git_orange = "F54D27"
let s:gray = "808A87"
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor = {} " this line is needed to avoid error
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor['o'] = s:gray " sets the color of o files to blue
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor['h'] = s:red " sets the color of h files to red
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor['c'] = s:blue " sets the color of c files to blue
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor['cpp'] = s:blue " sets the color of cpp files to blue
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor['cc'] = s:blue " sets the color of cpp files to blue
let g:NERDTreeExtensionHighlightColor['c++'] = s:blue " sets the color of c++ files to blue


"this not working,i have no solution yet!
Plug 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
let g:NERDTreeGitStatusIndicatorMapCustom = {
			\ "Modified"  : "✹",
			\ "Staged"    : "✚",
			\ "Untracked" : "✭",
			\ "Renamed"   : "➜",
			\ "Unmerged"  : "═",
			\ "Deleted"   : "✖",
			\ "Dirty"     : "✗",
			\ "Clean"     : "✔︎",
			\ 'Ignored'   : '☒',
			\ "Unknown"   : "?"
			\}

"If only 2 windows left, NERDTree and Tag_List, close vim, todo, have some bug
function ExitIfOnlyNerdAndTag()
	echo tabpagenr("$")
	if (exists(":NERDTree") && exists(":TlistOpen"))
		exec 'qa'
	endif
endif
endfun
"autocmd BufWinLeave * call ExitIfOnlyNerdAndTag()

Plug 'ryanoasis/vim-devicons' " show icon in nerd tree, need to install nerd font, and set terminel font to nerd font
"Can be enabled or disabled
let g:webdevicons_enable_nerdtree = 1
"whether or not to show the nerdtree brackets around flags
let g:webdevicons_conceal_nerdtree_brackets = 1
"adding to vim-airline's tabline
let g:webdevicons_enable_airline_tabline = 1
"adding to vim-airline's statusline
let g:webdevicons_enable_airline_statusline = 1

Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1                " 设置开启
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#formatter = 'jsformatter'  " 设置默认tab栏样式
let g:airline_theme='angr' " 设置主题

Plug 'https://github.com/ap/vim-css-color' " CSS Color Preview
Plug 'https://github.com/tpope/vim-commentary' " For Commenting
vnoremap <C-_> :Commentary<CR> "ctrl +  / 注释

"Plug 'Yggdroot/LeaderF', { 'do': './install.sh' }

Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs' " pair complete

Plug 'kien/rainbow_parentheses.vim'
let g:rbpt_colorpairs = [
			\ ['brown',       'RoyalBlue3'],
			\ ['Darkblue',    'SeaGreen3'],
			\ ['darkgray',    'DarkOrchid3'],
			\ ['darkgreen',   'firebrick3'],
			\ ['darkcyan',    'RoyalBlue3'],
			\ ['darkred',     'SeaGreen3'],
			\ ['darkmagenta', 'DarkOrchid3'],
			\ ['brown',       'firebrick3'],
			\ ['gray',        'RoyalBlue3'],
			\ ['darkmagenta', 'DarkOrchid3'],
			\ ['Darkblue',    'firebrick3'],
			\ ['darkgreen',   'RoyalBlue3'],
			\ ['darkcyan',    'SeaGreen3'],
			\ ['darkred',     'DarkOrchid3'],
			\ ['red',         'firebrick3'],
			\ ]

let g:rbpt_max = 16
let g:rbpt_loadcmd_toggle = 0
au VimEnter * RainbowParenthesesToggle
au Syntax * RainbowParenthesesLoadRound
au Syntax * RainbowParenthesesLoadSquare
au Syntax * RainbowParenthesesLoadBraces

Plug 'mbbill/undotree' " undo历史可视化，用处不大
nnoremap <F5> :UndotreeToggle<CR>

" 配置还需完善，函数跳转后自动关闭了
Plug 'majutsushi/tagbar'
let g:tagbar_ctags_bin = 'ctags' " tagbar 依赖 ctags 插件
let g:tagbar_width     = 30      " 设置 tagbar 的宽度为 30 列，默认 40 列
let g:tagbar_autofocus = 1       " 打开 tagbar 时光标在 tagbar 页面内，默认在 vim 打开的文件内
let g:tagbar_left      = 1       " 让 tagbar 在页面左侧显示，默认右边
let g:tagbar_sort      = 0       " 标签不排序，默认排序
map <F8> :TagbarToggle<CR>       "
"autocmd vimenter *.c,*.cc,*.h,*.hpp,*.cpp :TagbarToggle| wincmd p

Plug 'preservim/vim-markdown'

call plug#end()

set undofile " Maintain undo history between sessions
set undodir=~/.vim/undodir " set undo history save dir, you should mkdir ~/.vim/undodir

set shiftwidth=2

" open number
set nu

" open hight search
set hlsearch

" open mouse in all vim mode
set mouse=a

set wildmenu " 启用增强模式的命令行补全。在命令行中输入命令时，按下'wildchar'键（默认为Tab）将自动补全命令和参数：此时将在命令行的上方显示可能的匹配项；继续按下'wildchar'键，可以遍历所有的匹配项；也可以使用方向键或者CTRL-P/CTRL-N键，在匹配列表中进行移动；最后点击回车键，选择需要的匹配项。

set wildmode=list:full " e命令打開文件時，tab按鍵顯示文件補全列表, full默認會選中匹配的第一個, 而longest匹配到只剩一個時纔會選中

set wildignore=*.dll,*.exe,*.jpg,*.gif,*.png " e命令打開文件時忽略哪些文件補全

set iskeyword=@,48-57,-,_,192-255 " 設置單詞由哪些組成

set ts=2 " tabstop, number of space that a <Tab> in the file counts for.

set sts=2 " Number of spaces that a <Tab> counts for while performing editing operations, like inserting a <Tab> or using <BS>.

"对光标所在行进行高亮处理，背景色 轻红色，字体加粗
highlight CursorLine cterm=bold ctermbg=LightRed

"行尾空格高亮,我们经常会遇到行尾有多余空格的情况，但正常情况下，很难发现这些多余的空格。使用高亮来显示这些空格再合适不过了。
highlight extraSpace ctermbg=red guibg=red " 定义高亮组extraSpace
match extraSpace /\v\s+$/ " 匹配行位空格

set backspace=indent,eol,start  " 智能回删
set virtualedit=block,onemore   " 允许光标出现在最后一个字符的后面
set autoread              " 自动加载外部修改
set confirm               " 弹出文件未保存确认
set foldmethod=syntax " 按照语法格式进行代码折叠
"support <space> + f 全局查找，ctrl-f 是vim的翻页
noremap <space>f /

" support ctrl-a to select all,  ctrl-a是 vim的数字+，不常用，直接覆盖
noremap <C-a> ggVG

" support crtl + s = save file in insert mode
inoremap <C-s> <esc>:w<CR>:Autoformat<CR>a

" support crtl + s = save file in normal mode
nnoremap <C-s> <esc>:w<CR>:Autoformat<CR>

" support global replace for space + r, ctrl + r 是vim的重做
vnoremap <space>r y:%s`<C-R>"``g<left><left>

" support shift tab for reverse tab
inoremap <S-tab> <ESC>:<<CR>a

" move whole line down
noremap <C-j> ddp

" move whole line up
noremap <C-k> :call feedkeys( line('.')==1 ? '' : 'ddkP' )<CR>

" 没有办法同时映射ctrl + shift，原因位置
inoremap <C-S-c> "+y " ctrl + c 复制
vnoremap <C-S-c> "+y " ctrl + c 复制
inoremap <space>v "+p " space + v 粘贴 ctrl + v是vim的列块视图模式
nnoremap <space>v "+p " sapce + v 粘贴 ctrl + v是vim的列块视图模式

" alt + 数字，tab标签切换，和google浏览器的窗口切换快捷键保持一致
" tab 切换下一个tab标签
" shift + tab 切换前一个tab标签
noremap 1 1gt
noremap 2 2gt
noremap 3 3gt
noremap 4 4gt
noremap 5 5gt
noremap 6 6gt
noremap 7 7gt
noremap 8 8gt
noremap 9 9gt

noremap 0 :tablast<CR>
noremap <C-n> :tabnew<CR>
noremap <tab> gt
noremap <S-tab> gT