python基础--3--列表-元祖

一、python-列表

1.1 列表介绍

• 格式

变量 =  [,,,,,]

• 案例

namelist = ['xiaohua','xiaoming','xiaowang']

• 案例：不同类型

namelist = ['xiaowang',12,[1,2,3],(1,2)]

1.2 列表相关操作

1.2.1 列表新增

append

• 列表和字符串

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.append("xiaohan")
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua', 'xiaohan']

• 列表和列表

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
name = [1,2,3,6]
names1.append(name)
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua', [1, 2, 3, 6]]

extend

• 列表和字符串

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.extend("hanmin")
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua', 'h', 'a', 'n', 'm', 'i', 'n']

• 列表和列表

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names2 = [12,23,65,45]
names1.extend(names2)
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua', 12, 23, 65, 45]

• exend和append的区别

append的最终列表添加的是一个元素，extend的最终列表中显示的是追加的多个元素

insert

• 指定索引新增数据

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.insert(1,'hanmin')
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'hanmin', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua']

• 指定索引不存在（默认添加在了最后）

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.insert(12,'hanmin')
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua', 'hanmin']

1.2.2 列表修改

指定所以才可修改

索引修改

• 索引存在时修改

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1[2] = 'hanmin'
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang', 'hanmin']

• 索引不存在是修改

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1[12] = 'hanmin'
print(names1)

# IndexError: list assignment index out of range

1.2.3 列表删除

del：根据下标进行删除
pop：删除最后一个元素
remove：根据元素的值进行删除

del

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
del names1[0]
print(names1)

# ['xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua']

pop(默认最后一个元素)

• 默认

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.pop()
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang']

• 指定下标

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.pop(1)
print(names1)

# ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoHua']

remove

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
names1.remove("xiaoWang")
print(names1)

# ['xiaoZhang', 'xiaoHua']

1.2.4 列表的查询

index

index查询列表中的元素，如果存在就返回给元素的索引，不存在就报错

• 有对应元素

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
print(names1.index("xiaoWang"))

# 0

• 无元素

names1 = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua']
print(names1.index("hanmin"))

# ValueError: 'hanmin' is not in list

count

count查询列表中的元素的个数

name = [1,2,5,6,0,5]
print(name.count(5))

# 2

1.2.5 列表的排序

sort

sort方法是将list按特定顺序重新排列，默认为由小到大，参数reverse=True可改为倒序，由大到小。
reverse方法是将list反转

• 排序

name = [1,2,5,6,0,5]
name.sort()
print(name)

# [0, 1, 2, 5, 5, 6]

• 反转

name = [1,2,5,6,0,5]
name.sort(reverse=True)
print(name)

# [6, 5, 5, 2, 1, 0]

1.2.6 列表的循环取值

• for循环

name = [1,2,5,6,0,5]
for i in name:
    print(i)

• while循环

name = [1,2,5,6,0,5]
i = 0
while i < len(name):
    print(name[i])
    i += 1

1.2.7 列表的嵌套

类似while循环的嵌套，列表也是支持嵌套的

• 格式

变量名=[,[,]]

• 案例

names = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhang','xiaoHua',["xiaomi","xiaolan"]]
print(names[3][0])

# xiaomi

二、元祖

2.1 元祖介绍

Python的元组与列表类似，不同之处在于元组的元素不能修改。元组使用小括号，列表使用方括号。

2.2 元祖相关操作

• 格式

变量名=(,,,,)

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21)

2.2.1 访问元组

通过索引取数据

• 索引值存在

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21)
print(aTuple[0])

# 23

• 索引值不存在

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21)
print(aTuple[10])

# IndexError: tuple index out of range

2.2.2 查询个数

count查询出现的个数

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21,23)
print(aTuple.count(23))

# 2

2.2.3 查询索引

index：查询元素的索引，有对应的元素返回对应的索引，否则报错

• 有对应的元素

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21,23)
print(aTuple.index(35,0,5))

# 1

• 无对应的元素

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21,23)
print(aTuple.index(11,0,3))

# ValueError: tuple.index(x): x not in tuple

2.2.4 修改数据(不能修改)

aTuple=(23,35,56,34,11,21,23)
aTuple[0] = 20
print(aTuple)

# TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

2.2.5 :类型转换

• 列表转换元组

list1 = [1,2,3,5,6]
a = tuple(list1)
print(a)

# (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)

• 元组转换列表

tup = (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
b = list(tup)
print(b)

# [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]

2.2.6 元组的循环取值

• for循环

tup = (1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
for i in tup:
    print(i)

• while循环

tup = (1, 2, 3, 5, 6))
i = 0
while i < len(tup):
    print(tup[i])
    i += 1