从今天开始,我将带领大家走进Java并发编程的大门,第一步,就是了解Java线程中的状态。
众所周知,我们在初始化并执行一个线程的时候:
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
xxx
}
}, "tread-name").start();
这个线程可能会经历哪几种状态呢?Java线程中总共有6种状态,分为
1、NEW :
线程初始状态,线程已经构建成功,但是还没有调 start() 方法
2、RUNNABLE:
运行状态,Java程序中将系统中线程的‘就绪’与‘正在运行’两个状态统称为 RUNNABLE
3、BLOCKED:
锁状态,指Java线程阻塞于锁
4、WAITING:
等待状态:指Java线程处于等待状态,等待其它线程做出一些特殊动作(比如通知此线程可以继续进行 notifyAll,或者直接打断此线程)
5、TIME_WAITING:
超时等待状态:指Java线程处于超时等待状态,Java线程处于等待状态,但是如果在指定时间内还未收到通知,或者没有被打断,那么超过时间之后Java线程即进入 RUNNABLE 状态
6、TERMINATED:
终止状态:线程执行完毕
一般来说,我们关注里面的 RUNNABLE、 BLOCKED、WAITING、TIME_WAITING四种状态即可。
下面以一个示例来讲解各个线程会出现的各种状态:
public class StatusSimple {
public final static Object objectWait = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}, "thread-time-wait");
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (StatusSimple.objectWait) {
try {
StatusSimple.objectWait.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}, "thread-wait");
thread2.start();
Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (StatusSimple.class) {
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}, "thread-3");
thread3.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Thread thread4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (StatusSimple.class) {
System.out.println("thread-block 拿到锁");
}
}
}, "thread-block");
thread4.start();
}
}
从上述示例中可以看出:
1、thread1一直处于 Thread.sleep() 方法中,即状态一直为 TIME_WAITING 。
2、thread2调用了StatusSimple.objectWait对象的wait方法,所以状态为 WAITING 。
3、thread3拿到锁之后,一直未释放,而thread4则处于StatusSimple.class的锁队列中,所以状态为 BLOCKED 。
以上线程状态可以通话jdk中的jps打印出来。下面为打印出来的线程栈:
"thread-block" #11 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f88b40e9800 nid=0x9889 waiting for monitor entry [0x00007f8887dfc000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
at com.happyheng.status.StatusSimple$4.run(StatusSimple.java:78)
- waiting to lock <0x00000000f0e75ac0> (a java.lang.Class for com.happyheng.status.StatusSimple)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
"thread-3" #10 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f88b40e7800 nid=0x9888 waiting on condition [0x00007f8887efd000]
java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
at com.happyheng.status.StatusSimple$3.run(StatusSimple.java:57)
- locked <0x00000000f0e75ac0> (a java.lang.Class for com.happyheng.status.StatusSimple)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
"thread-wait" #9 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f88b40e6000 nid=0x9887 in Object.wait() [0x00007f8887ffe000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x00000000f0e76780> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
at com.happyheng.status.StatusSimple$2.run(StatusSimple.java:38)
- locked <0x00000000f0e76780> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
"thread-time-wait" #8 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f88b40de000 nid=0x9886 waiting on condition [0x00007f88a413a000]
java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
at com.happyheng.status.StatusSimple$1.run(StatusSimple.java:21)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)