常用库函数的C实现

 在论坛中经常看到询问常用库函数的C实现的问题。其实这些实现在VC的安装目录下都能找到。如果安装了VS2005，那么它应该在Microsoft Visual Studio 2005/VC/crt/src下面。

这里是一些常见的库函数的实现示例：

 long __cdecl _atol_(const char *nptr)
{
    int c;
    long total;
    int sign; /* if '-', then negative, otherwise positive */

    /* skip whitespace */
    while (isspace((int)(unsigned char)*nptr)) ++nptr;

    // 这是由于用到了 int = char 这种赋值，由于int 和char 的占用空间不同，
    // 在char赋值int时，要进行扩充，假设int是4个字节，
    // 那么需要在char前面填充3个字节然后赋值给int，然而这3个字节填充什么呢？？
    // 想当然的肯定是填0了，但char是有符号的，一般最高位为1表示负数，
    // 如果简单的扩充，那么变成int后就成了正数了。。。
    // 所以这个填充可能有不同的方式，有的编译器是看最高位吧，
    // 如果为1，就全填充1，如果为0就全填充0，或者有其他的方式。
    // 但对于unsigned char赋值却只用填充0就行。
    c = (int)(unsigned char)*nptr++; 
    sign = c;
    if (c == '-' || c == '+') c = (int)(unsigned char)*nptr++; /* skip sign */

    total = 0;
    while (isdigit(c))
    {
        total = 10 * total + (c - '0');
        c = (int)(unsigned char)*nptr++;
    }

    return (sign == '-') ? -total : total;
}

int __cdecl _strcmp_(const char *src, const char *dst)
{
    int ret = 0;

    while (!(ret = *(unsigned char *)src - *(unsigned char *)dst) && *dst)
        ++src, ++dst;

    if (ret < 0) ret = -1;
    else if (ret > 0) ret = 1;

    return(ret);
}

char* __cdecl _strcpy_(char* dst, const char* src)
{
    char* tmp = dst;  
    while ((*tmp++ = *src++) != '/0');

    return dst;
}

char* __cdecl _strcat_(char *dst, const char *src)
{
    char* tmp = dst;
    while (*tmp++);
    for (--tmp; *tmp++ = *src++;);

    return dst;
}

char* __cdecl _strrev_(char *string)
{
    char *start = string;
    char *left = string;

    while (*string++);
    string -= 2;
    while (left < string)
    {
        char ch = *left;
        *left++ = *string;
        *string-- = ch;
    }

    return(start);
}

char* __cdecl _strchr_(char *string, int ch)
{
    while (string != '/0' && *string == ch) string++;

    return *string == ch ? string : (char*) 0;
}

char * __cdecl _strrchr_(const char * string, int ch)
{
    char *start = (char *)string;

    /* find end of string */
    while (*string++);
    /* search towards front */
    while (--string != start && *string != (char)ch);

    /* char found ? */
    if (*string == (char)ch) return( (char *)string );

    return(NULL);
}

int __cdecl _stricmp_ (const char *dst, const char *src)
{
    int f, l;

    do
    {
        if (((f = (unsigned char)(*(dst++))) >= 'A') && (f <= 'Z'))
            f -= 'A' - 'a';
        if (((l = (unsigned char)(*(src++))) >= 'A') && (l <= 'Z'))
            l -= 'A' - 'a';
    }
    while (f && (f == l));

    return(f - l);
}

size_t __cdecl _strlen_(const char *str)
{
    const char *eos = str;
    while(*eos++);
    return(eos - str - 1);
}

char * __cdecl _strstr_(const char * str1, const char * str2)
{
    char *cp = (char *)str1;
    char *s1 = NULL, *s2 = NULL;

    if (!*str2) return((char *)str1);

    while (*cp)
    {
        s1 = cp;
        s2 = (char *)str2;

        while (*s1 && *s2 && !(*s1-*s2)) s1++, s2++;

        if (!*s2) return(cp);

        cp++;
    }

    return(NULL);
}

char * __cdecl _strset_(char * string, int val)
{
    char *start = string;

    while (*string) *string++ = (char)val;

    return(start);
}

void * __cdecl _memchr_(const void * buf, int chr, size_t cnt)
{
    while (cnt && (*(unsigned char *)buf != (unsigned char)chr))
    {
        buf = (unsigned char *)buf + 1;
        cnt--;
    }

    return(cnt ? (void *)buf : NULL);
}

int __cdecl _memcmp_(const void * buf1, const void * buf2, size_t count)
{
    if (!count) return(0);

    while ( --count && *(char *)buf1 == *(char *)buf2 )
    {
        buf1 = (char *)buf1 + 1;
        buf2 = (char *)buf2 + 1;
    }

    return( *((unsigned char *)buf1) - *((unsigned char *)buf2) );
}

void * __cdecl _memcpy_(void * dst, const void * src, size_t count)
{
    void * ret = dst;

    while (count--)
    {
        *(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
        dst = (char *)dst + 1;
        src = (char *)src + 1;
    }

    return(ret);
}

int __cdecl _memicmp_(const void * first, const void * last, size_t count)
{
    int f = 0;
    int l = 0;

    while ( count-- )
    {
        if ((*(unsigned char *)first == *(unsigned char *)last) ||
            ((f = tolower( *(unsigned char *)first )) ==
            (l = tolower( *(unsigned char *)last ))))
        {
            first = (char *)first + 1;
            last = (char *)last + 1;
        }
        else
            break;
    }

    return (f - l);
}

void * __cdecl _memmove_(void * dst, const void * src, size_t count)
{
    void * ret = dst;

    if (dst <= src || (char *)dst >= ((char *)src + count))
    {   // copy from lower addresses to higher addresses
        while (count--)
        {
            *(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
            dst = (char *)dst + 1;
            src = (char *)src + 1;
        }
    }
    else
    {   // copy from higher addresses to lower addresses
        dst = (char *)dst + count - 1;
        src = (char *)src + count - 1;

        while (count--)
        {
            *(char *)dst = *(char *)src;
            dst = (char *)dst - 1;
            src = (char *)src - 1;
        }
    }

    return(ret);
}

void * __cdecl _memset_(void *dst, int val, size_t count)
{
    void *start = dst;

    while (count--)
    {
        *(char *)dst = (char)val;
        dst = (char *)dst + 1;
    }

    return(start);
}