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在编译VC 工程时出现的编译错误
问题如下:
1、Linking...
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _fclose already defined in LIBCD.lib(fclose.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _free already defined in LIBCD.lib(dbgheap.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _malloc already defined in LIBCD.lib(dbgheap.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _strncpy already defined in LIBCD.lib(strncpy.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _sprintf already defined in LIBCD.lib(sprintf.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in LIBCD.lib(isctype.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCD.lib(close.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: __write already defined in LIBCD.lib(write.obj)
LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib "MSVCRTD" conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
Debug/module.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
Error executing link.exe.
原因及解决方法如下:主程序的库与 LIBCD 库链接方式不一致造成的。本例中LIBCD 是用动态链接的
所以可以设置:project->setting-> Generation->Use MFC in a shared DLL
2、 c:/program files/microsoft visual studio/vc98/mfc/include/afxv_w32.h(14) : fatal error C1189: #error : WINDOWS.H already included. MFC apps must not #include <windows.h>
于是, 我在VC6.0 集成环境中的菜单项project 下的setting 中设置使用MFC 例"use mfc in a shared DLL"
即:
project->setting->general->Microsoft Foundation Classed: 选择 Use MFC in a shared DLL"
同时,加入:
#include <afxwin.h>// 使用MFC
学会两点:
(1) 、在project->setting->general->Microsoft Foundation Classed: 选择 Use MFC in a shared DLL
(2 )、#include 顺序调换可能会解决问题
3、windows.h和winsock2.h头文件包含顺序
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大凡在Windows 平台下用C++ 做网络开发很多时候都会同时包含这两个头文件,如若顺序不当(windows.h 先于winsock2.h) 就会出现很多莫名其妙的错误。诸如:
警告 4 warning C4005: “AF_IPX”: 宏重定义 c:/program files/microsoft sdks/windows/v6.0a/include/ws2def.h 91
警告 5 warning C4005: “AF_MAX”: 宏重定义 c:/program files/microsoft sdks/windows/v6.0a/include/ws2def.h 127
警告 6 warning C4005: “SO_DONTLINGER”: 宏重定义 c:/program files/microsoft sdks/windows/v6.0a/include/ws2def.h 163
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只要将二者的包含顺序调换一下问题就会解决,原因参见下面那个链接。另外,上述问题不仅影响直接包含二者的文件,还影响 间接包含的情形。比如,a.h 包含了windows.h ,b.h 包含了winsock2.h ,如果在c.h 当中要引用a.h 和b.h ,那么正确的顺序应当 是b.h 先于a.h 。当然,实践当中有时很难找到究竟是哪两个文件顺序不对了,终极的解决办法是,在当前工程(就是编译不过的这个工程)所有 include 语句最前面加上#include <winsock2.h> 和#include<windows.h> ,世界清静了。
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在包含了<windows.h> 以及<winsock2.h> 的工程中, 编译有时会出现如
下错误:
error C2011: 'fd_set' : 'struct' type redefinition
error C2011: 'timeval' : 'struct' type redefinition
....
error C2375: 'accept' : redefinition; different linkage
[ 原因分析]
主要原因是因为<windows.h> 中包含了<winsock.h> 头文件, 由于其版
本的不同,导致出现上述的错误。<windows.h> 中相关代码如下:
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <cderr.h>
#include <dde.h>
#include <ddeml.h>
........
#ifndef _MAC
#include <winperf.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#endif
.......
#include <commdlg.h>
#endif
#endif
[ 解决方案]
由以上代码可以看出如果在没有定义WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 宏的大前
提下windows.h 有可能包含winsock.h 头文件,因此我们得出一个很简单
的解决方法就是在包含<windows.h> 之前定义WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 宏, 如
下所示 :
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>