import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory{
//使用一个map来保存加入容器的bean
Map<String, Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception {
//jdom解析配置文件的类
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
//解析beans.xml返回Document对象
Document doc = sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml"));
//根据文档对象获取根元素(beans)
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
//获取所以beans下的子节点,本例中全是bean
List<?> list = root.getChildren();
//挨个遍历子节点
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Element element = (Element) list.get(i);
//获取属性id
String id = element.getAttributeValue("id");
//获取属性class
String clazz = element.getAttributeValue("class");
System.out.println(id + "," + clazz);
//根据clazz实例化一个对应的对象
Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();
//将对象加入容器
beans.put(id, o);
}
}
public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}
测试
class UserServiceTest {
@Test
void testAdd() throws Exception {
BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
UserService userService = new UserService();
UserDao userDao = (UserDao) beanFactory.getBean("u");
userService.setUserDao(userDao );//若不加此段代码则会报空指针异常
userService .add(new User());
}
}
输出
u,dao.impl.UserDaoImpl
userService,service.UserService
user save
但是上面的测试中如果没有userService.setUserDao(userDao );
将会报错,出现空指针异常,原因是此时还没有对UserDao进行初始化。
自动装配UserDao
上面代码修改如下
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory{
//使用一个map来保存加入容器的bean
Map<String, Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception {
//jdom解析配置文件的类
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
//解析beans.xml返回Document对象
Document doc = sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml"));
//根据文档对象获取根元素(beans)
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
//获取所以beans下的子节点,本例中全是bean
List<?> list = root.getChildren();
//挨个遍历子节点
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Element element = (Element) list.get(i);
//获取属性id
String id = element.getAttributeValue("id");
//获取属性class
String clazz = element.getAttributeValue("class");
System.out.println(id + "," + clazz);
//根据clazz实例化一个对应的对象
Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();
//将对象加入容器
beans.put(id, o);
//解析bean节点的子节点,property节点,每一个property都是当前对象o的一个属性
for (Element propertyElement : element.getChildren("property")) {
//获取property的name属性,即该属性的字段
String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name");
//获取property的bean属性,即该属性是是什么类型的,用该属性根据容器中的key取出对应的对象
String bean = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("bean");
//在容器中取出该bean
Object beanObject = beans.get(bean);
//拼接对应的setter方法
String methodName = "set" + name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
System.out.println("Method setter:" + methodName);
//通过放射执行该方法,为当前对象o初始化该属性
Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
m.invoke(o, beanObject);
}
}
}
public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}
测试
@Test
void testAdd() throws Exception {
BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
UserService userService = (UserService) beanFactory.getBean("userService");;
userService .add(new User());
}
输出
u,dao.impl.UserDaoImpl
userService,service.UserService
Method setter:setUserDao
user save
此时已完成自动装配,没有报错
使用到的文件
- beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans>
<bean id="u" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="service.UserService">
<property name="userDao" bean="u"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
- User.java
public class User {
private String name;
private String pass;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPass() {
return pass;
}
public void setPass(String pass) {
this.pass = pass;
}
}
- UserService.java
public class UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
public void add(User u) {
userDao.save(u);
}
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}
- UserDao.java
public interface UserDao {
public void save(User u);
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save(User u) {
System.out.println("user save");
}
}
总结
上面的实验模拟了spring的DI(依赖注入),实现了自动装配,在自动装配的过程中我们并没有直接在测试代码中使用userService.setUserDao(new UserDao())
的方式主动去为userService的属性userDao进行初始化,而是交由外部容器BeanFactory帮助我们去实现,实现了控制反转(IOC)。
外部容器BeanFactory内部是通过读取配置文件对其解析,获取到当期对象相应的属性,然后使用反射得出对应的bean和对应的setter方法,通过调用当前对象的setter方法为属性初始化。
DI和IOC为我们简化了对象初始化的细节,即无需关注对象内部属性是否完成初始化,直接使用就好,大大减少了代码量,提高了开发效率。