关于Spring3.2.0中@Autowire默认配置的测试

spring2.5.6版本中@Autowire默认的是ByType，如果在beans.xml中配置了多个相同类型的bean（class相同），在注入时如果不显示的指定哪个bean则会出现报错。

今天测试了一下Spring3.2.0中@Autowire，发现同spring2.5.6版本中略有不同，Spring3.2.0中@Autowire的默认注入方式也是ByTpye,只是在存在多个类型相同的bean的情况下没有显示的指定bean时，spring会去采用ByName的方式去尝试注入，如果此时容器中没有相应的bean才会抛出异常。

测试

• 测试@Autowire的默认方式

beans.xml
 	<context:annotation-config />
 	//该bean的id没有和UserService 对应的属性名相同
	<bean id="userDao2" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="id" value="2"></property>
	</bean>

 	<bean id="userService" class="service.UserService">
	</bean> 

UserDaoImpl .java
	public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
		private int id;
		public int getId() {
			return id;
		}
		public void setId(int id) {
			this.id = id;
		}
		public void save(User u) {
			System.out.println("user save, id : " + id);
		}
		public void other() {
			System.out.println("other");
		}
	}

UserService .java
	public class UserService {
	
		private UserDao userDao;
		
		@Autowired
		public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
			this.userDao = userDao;
		}
		public void add(User u) {
			userDao.save(u);
		}
	
		public UserDao getUserDao() {
			return userDao;
		}
	}
	
	

//测试代码
public class UserServiceTest {

	@Test
	public void test() {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
		UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");
		userService.add(new User());
	}

}

输出

user save, id : 2

证明@Autowire的默认注入方式是ByType

• 测试多个类型相同时@Autowire的默认注入方式

修改配置文件

beans.xml
	<context:annotation-config />
	//该bean的id没有和UserService 对应的属性名相同
	<bean id="userDao2" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="id" value="2"></property>
	</bean>
	//该bean的id没有和UserService 对应的属性名相同
	<bean id="userDao1" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="id" value="1"></property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="userService" class="service.UserService">
	</bean> 

输出

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void service.UserService.setUserDao(dao.UserDao); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [dao.UserDao] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDao2, userDao1]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1120)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:607)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
	at UserServiceTest.test(UserServiceTest.java:16)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void service.UserService.setUserDao(dao.UserDao); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [dao.UserDao] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDao2, userDao1]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:601)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
	... 36 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [dao.UserDao] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDao2, userDao1]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:825)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:730)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:558)
	... 38 more

expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDao2, userDao1]可以发现出现的异常的原因是有多个相同类型的bean。

• 测试@Autowire默认下，容器存在多个相同类型的bean，且含有与属性name相同的bean

修改bean.xml配置

<context:annotation-config />
	<bean id="userDao2" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="id" value="2"></property>
	</bean>
	//与属性name相同
	<bean id="userDao" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="id" value="1"></property>
	</bean>

 	<bean id="userService" class="service.UserService">
	</bean> 

输出

user save, id : 1

证明在@Autowire在默认下以ByType方式注入失败时会尝试使用，ByName方式去注入，如果还是失败则抛出异常。

总结

@Autowire在默认下以ByType方式注入失败时，会尝试使用ByName方式去注入，如果还是失败则抛出异常。
在存在多个相同bean时，可以使用@Qualifier注解去显示的指定使用哪个bean，是上面的配置不变，修改UserService，添加@Qualifier注解

public class UserService {
	
	private UserDao userDao;
	

	@Autowired
	public void setUserDao(@Qualifier("userDao2")UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}

	public UserDao getUserDao() {
		return userDao;
	}
	
	public void add(User u) {
		userDao.save(u);
	}
}	

输出

user save, id : 2