利用经纬度求解两点球面距离(Haversine formula)

利用经纬度求解两点球面距离

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Haversine formula

$h(\theta )=si{n}^2(\frac{\theta }{2})=\frac{1-cos(\theta )}{2}$

则$h(\theta )=h(\frac{d}{R})=h(\Delta \beta )+cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)h(\Delta \alpha )$

• $R表示球面半径,d表示球面距离,\theta 表示两点与圆心夹角弧度$
• ${\alpha }_i分别表示两点经度,{\beta }_i表示两点维度,\Delta 表示差值$
• 公式全称应该为$half-versine$,即$versine:1-cos(\theta )的一半$
• 计算时可进一步化解：$cos(\theta )=sin({\beta }_1)sin({\beta }_2)+cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)cos(\Delta \alpha )$

这里求$\stackrel{⌢}{\mathrm{AB}}$，显然求得$|AB|$即可

以$OEF$为例，$\angle OEF=\Delta \alpha ,|EF|=2sin(\frac{\Delta \alpha }{2})$R，同理利用维度$|AC|=2sin(\frac{\Delta \beta }{2})R$

而对于$|BC|,|AD|$作$AG\perp OE,BH\perp OE$可得：$|AD|=2sin(\frac{\Delta \alpha }{2})(|OE|cos(\angle AOG))=2sin(\frac{\Delta \alpha }{2})Rcos({\beta }_1)$

而四边形$ACBD$为等腰梯形形

$CH=\frac{BC-AD}{2},A{B}^2=B{H}^2+A{H}^2=(BC-CH{)}^2+A{C}^2-C{H}^2=A{C}^2+BC\ast AD$

$|AB{|}^2=4si{n}^2(\frac{\Delta \beta }{2})R^2+4si{n}^2(\frac{\Delta \alpha }{2})cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)R^2$

而要求解的$\theta =\angle AOB,|AB{|}^2=4si{n}^2(\frac{\theta }{2})R^2$

得到目标公式$h(\theta )=h(\Delta \beta )+cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)h(\Delta \alpha ),\stackrel{⌢}{\mathrm{AB}}=d=R\theta$

进一步化解$1-cos(\theta )=1-cos(\Delta \beta )+cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)(1-cos(\Delta \alpha ))$

$cos(\Delta \beta )=cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)+sin({\beta }_1)sin({\beta }_2)$

可得$cos(\theta )=sin({\beta }_1)sin({\beta }_2)+cos({\beta }_1)cos({\beta }_2)cos(\Delta \alpha )$