oracle11g静默安装教程
一.环境准备
1.准备好安装包
2.关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
永久关闭:systemctl disable firewalld
3.关闭selinux
setenforce 0
永久关闭:vim /etc/selinux/config
设置SELINUX= enforcing 为SELINUX=disabled
4.检查Oracle安装需要的依赖包并安装
rpm -qp gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXtst-devel
yum -y install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXtst-devel libXtst-devel unzip
5.添加oinstall 、dba 组,新建oracle用户并加入oinstall、dba组中
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
6.修改用户的限制文件
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
7.创建安装目录、修改文件权限
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
8.切换到oracle用户,设置oracle用户环境变量
su - oracle
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
添加:
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
立即生效:source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
9.上传Oracle安装包到/tmp并解压
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
10.root用户下编辑静默安装响应文件
vim /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
二.开始安装数据库
1.oralce用户下安装Oracle 11g
cd /tmp/database
./runInstaller -silent -force -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp
出现Successfully Setup Software代表安装完成
2.切换root用户运行脚本
sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
3.用oracle用户登录配置监听
netca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/netca.rsp
显示这个代表成功继续下一步:
****DISPLAY environment variable not set!
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant is a GUI tool
which requires that DISPLAY specify a location
where GUI tools can display.
Set and export DISPLAY, then re-run.
则需要执行命令: export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0 配置DISPLAY变量 然后重新执行netca命令
4.检查1521端口是否已经启动
netstat -anp|grep 1521
三.建立新库和实例
1.切换到root用户
vim /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "800"
2.用Oracle用户进行静默配置
dbca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp
3.完成后进行实例检查
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
4.查看监听状态
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status
lsnrctl reload
5.登录查看实例状态
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
select name from v$database
四.设置开机启动
1.oracle用户新增启动文件
vim /u01/app/oracle/start_ora.sh
#!/bin/sh
lsnrctl start
echo "Oracle just have been started!"
echo "Begin to start the oracle!"
sqlplus /nolog <<EOF
connect / as sysdba
startup
exit
EOF
exit
2.root用户修改文件
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su - oracle -c "/u01/app/oracle/start_ora.sh"
3.root用户,增加执行权限
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/start_ora.sh
五.停止数据库
1.第一种方法
shutdown abort