一、 构造测试数据
--创建测试表
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[TestRows2Columns]') AND type in (N'U'))
DROP TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns](
[Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[UserName] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Subject] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Source] [numeric](18, 0) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO [TestRows2Columns] ([UserName],[Subject],[Source])
SELECT N'张三',N'语文',60 UNION ALL
SELECT N'李四',N'数学',70 UNION ALL
SELECT N'王五',N'英语',80 UNION ALL
SELECT N'王五',N'数学',75 UNION ALL
SELECT N'王五',N'语文',57 UNION ALL
SELECT N'李四',N'语文',80 UNION ALL
SELECT N'张三',N'英语',100
GO
SELECT * FROM [TestRows2Columns];
二、 静态实现行转列
--1:静态拼接行转列
SELECT [UserName],
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '数学' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[数学]',
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '英语' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[英语]',
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '语文' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[语文]'
FROM [TestRows2Columns]
GROUP BY [UserName];
三、 动态实现行转列
这是使用拼接SQL的方式实现的,所以它适用于SQL Server 2000以上的数据库版本。
--2:动态拼接行转列
DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(8000)
SET @sql = 'SELECT [UserName],'
SELECT @sql = @sql + 'SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '''+[Subject]+''' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '''+QUOTENAME([Subject])+''','
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT [Subject] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) AS a
SELECT @sql = LEFT(@sql,LEN(@sql)-1) + ' FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [UserName]'
PRINT(@sql)
EXEC(@sql)
GO
四、 透视函数 PIVOT
1. 静态方式
2005之后有了一个专门的PIVOT 和 UNPIVOT 关系运算符做行列之间的转换,下面是静态的方式实现的
--3:静态PIVOT行转列
SELECT *
FROM ( SELECT [UserName] ,
[Subject] ,
[Source]
FROM [TestRows2Columns]
) p PIVOT
( SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( [数学],[英语],[语文] ) ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.[UserName];
GO
2. 动态方式
在上面静态的SQL基础上进行修改,这样就不用理会记录里面存储了什么,需要转成什么列名的问题了
--4:动态PIVOT行转列
DECLARE @sql_str VARCHAR(8000)
DECLARE @sql_col VARCHAR(8000)
SELECT @sql_col = ISNULL(@sql_col + ',','') + QUOTENAME([Subject]) FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [Subject]
SET @sql_str = '
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT [UserName],[Subject],[Source] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) p PIVOT
(SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.[UserName]'
PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str);
五、 参数化动态PIVOT行转列
也许很多人到了上面一步就够了,但是你会发现,当别人拿到你的代码,需要不断的修改成他自己环境中表名、分组列、行转列字段、字段值这几个参数。所以,我继续对上面的脚本进行修改,你只要设置自己的参数就可以实现行转列了
--5:参数化动态PIVOT行转列
-- =============================================
-- Author: <听风吹雨>
-- Create date: <2014.05.26>
-- Description: <参数化动态PIVOT行转列>
-- Blog: <http://www.cnblogs.com/gaizai/>
-- =============================================
DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
SET @tableName = 'TestRows2Columns'
SET @groupColumn = 'UserName'
SET @row2column = 'Subject'
SET @row2columnValue = 'Source'
--从行数据中获取可能存在的列
SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + '','','''') + QUOTENAME(['+@row2column+'])
FROM ['+@tableName+'] GROUP BY ['+@row2column+']'
--PRINT @sql_str
EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
--PRINT @sql_col
SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT ['+@groupColumn+'],['+@row2column+'],['+@row2columnValue+'] FROM ['+@tableName+']) p PIVOT
(SUM(['+@row2columnValue+']) FOR ['+@row2column+'] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.['+@groupColumn+']'
--PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)
在实际的运用中,经常遇到需要对基础表的数据进行筛选后再进行行转列,下面的脚本将满足你这个需求:
--6:带条件查询的参数化动态PIVOT行转列
-- =============================================
-- Author: <听风吹雨>
-- Create date: <2014.05.26>
-- Description: <参数化动态PIVOT行转列,带条件查询的参数化动态PIVOT行转列>
-- Blog: <http://www.cnblogs.com/gaizai/>
-- =============================================
DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_where NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
SET @tableName = 'TestRows2Columns'
SET @groupColumn = 'UserName'
SET @row2column = 'Subject'
SET @row2columnValue = 'Source'
SET @sql_where = 'WHERE UserName = ''王五'''
--从行数据中获取可能存在的列
SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + '','','''') + QUOTENAME(['+@row2column+'])
FROM ['+@tableName+'] '+@sql_where+' GROUP BY ['+@row2column+']'
--PRINT @sql_str
EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
--PRINT @sql_col
SET @sql_str = N'
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT ['+@groupColumn+'],['+@row2column+'],['+@row2columnValue+'] FROM ['+@tableName+']'+@sql_where+') p PIVOT
(SUM(['+@row2columnValue+']) FOR ['+@row2column+'] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.['+@groupColumn+']'
--PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)