Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array（在排序数组中查找元素的第一个和最后一个位置）

Given an array of integers nums sorted in ascending order, find the starting and ending position of a given target value.

Your algorithm's runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).

If the target is not found in the array, return [-1, -1].

Example 1:

Input: nums = [5,7,7,8,8,10], target = 8
Output: [3,4]

Example 2:

Input: nums = [5,7,7,8,8,10], target = 6
Output: [-1,-1]

二分查找

找到后左右搜寻

class Solution {
    public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
        if(nums.length==0)
            return new int[]{-1,-1};
        
        int start=0;
        int end=nums.length-1;
        
        while(start<=end){
            int mid=(start+end)/2;
            if(target==nums[mid]){
                int left=mid;
                int right=mid;
                
                while(left>0 && nums[left-1]==nums[mid]){
                    left--;
                }
                
                while(right<nums.length-1 && nums[right+1]==nums[mid]){
                    right++;
                }
                
                return new int[]{left,right};
            }
            if(target<nums[mid] && target>=nums[0]){
                end=mid-1;
            }
            else{
                start=mid+1;
            }
                
        }
        return new int[]{-1,-1};
    }
}

或

直接判断

class Solution {
    // returns leftmost (or rightmost) index at which `target` should be
    // inserted in sorted array `nums` via binary search.
    private int extremeInsertionIndex(int[] nums, int target, boolean left) {
        int lo = 0;
        int hi = nums.length;

        while (lo < hi) {
            int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] > target || (left && target == nums[mid])) {
                hi = mid;
            }
            else {
                lo = mid+1;
            }
        }

        return lo;
    }

    public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
        int[] targetRange = {-1, -1};

        int leftIdx = extremeInsertionIndex(nums, target, true);

        // assert that `leftIdx` is within the array bounds and that `target`
        // is actually in `nums`.
        if (leftIdx == nums.length || nums[leftIdx] != target) {
            return targetRange;
        }

        targetRange[0] = leftIdx;
        targetRange[1] = extremeInsertionIndex(nums, target, false)-1;

        return targetRange;
    }
}

线性扫描

首先，我们对 nums 数组从左到右做线性遍历，当遇到 target 时中止。如果我们没有中止过，那么 target 不存在，我们可以返回“错误代码” [-1, -1] 。如果我们找到了有效的左端点坐标，我们可以坐第二遍线性扫描，但这次从右往左进行。这一次，第一个遇到的 target 将是最右边的一个（因为最左边的一个存在，所以一定会有一个最右边的 target）。我们接下来只需要返回这两个坐标。

class Solution {
    public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
        int[] targetRange = {-1, -1};

        // find the index of the leftmost appearance of `target`.
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            if (nums[i] == target) {
                targetRange[0] = i;
                break;
            }
        }

        // if the last loop did not find any index, then there is no valid range
        // and we return [-1, -1].
        if (targetRange[0] == -1) {
            return targetRange;
        }

        // find the index of the rightmost appearance of `target` (by reverse
        // iteration). it is guaranteed to appear.
        for (int j = nums.length-1; j >= 0; j--) {
            if (nums[j] == target) {
                targetRange[1] = j;
                break;
            }
        }

        return targetRange;
    }
}