Android中AsyncTask源码解析

AsyncTask简单使用

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import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;  
import java.io.InputStream;  

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;  
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;  

import android.app.Activity;  
import android.os.AsyncTask;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.util.Log;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
import android.widget.ProgressBar;  
import android.widget.TextView;  

public class MainActivity extends Activity {  

    private static final String TAG = "ASYNC_TASK";  

    private Button execute;  
    private Button cancel;  
    private ProgressBar progressBar;  
    private TextView textView;  

    private MyTask mTask;  

    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  

        execute = (Button) findViewById(R.id.execute);  
        execute.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                // 注意每次需new一个实例,新建的任务只能执行一次,否则会出现异常  
                mTask = new MyTask();  
                mTask.execute("http://www.baidu.com");  

                execute.setEnabled(false);  
                cancel.setEnabled(true);  
            }  
        });  
        cancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel);  
        cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                //取消一个正在执行的任务,onCancelled方法将会被调用，实际上是调用了FutureTask的取消操作，关于FutureTask下文会有介绍  
                mTask.cancel(true);  
            }  
        });  
        progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);  
        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_view);  

    }  

    private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {  
        //onPreExecute方法用于在执行后台任务前做一些UI操作  
        @Override  
        protected void onPreExecute() {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onPreExecute() called");  
            textView.setText("loading...");  
        }  

        // doInBackground方法内部执行后台任务,不可在此方法内修改UI,运行在后台线程。
        @Override  
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "doInBackground(Params... params) called");  
            try {  
                HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  
                HttpGet get = new HttpGet(params[0]);  
                HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);  
                if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {  
                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                    InputStream is = entity.getContent();  
                    long total = entity.getContentLength();  
                    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
                    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];  
                    int count = 0;  
                    int length = -1;  
                    while ((length = is.read(buf)) != -1) {  
                        baos.write(buf, 0, length);  
                        count += length;  
                        //调用publishProgress公布进度,最后onProgressUpdate方法将被执行  
                        publishProgress((int) ((count / (float) total) * 100));  
                        //为了演示进度,休眠500毫秒  
                        Thread.sleep(500);  
                    }  
                    return new String(baos.toByteArray(), "gb2312");  
                }  
            } catch (Exception e) {  
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());  
            }  
            return null;  
        }  

        // onProgressUpdate方法用于更新进度信息  
        @Override  
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progresses) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onProgressUpdate(Progress... progresses) called");  
            progressBar.setProgress(progresses[0]);  
            textView.setText("loading..." + progresses[0] + "%");  
        }  

        // onPostExecute方法用于在执行完后台任务后更新UI,显示结果。 运行在UI线程  
        @Override  
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onPostExecute(Result result) called");  
            textView.setText(result);  

            execute.setEnabled(true);  
            cancel.setEnabled(false);  
        }  

        //onCancelled方法用于在取消执行中的任务时更改UI  
        @Override  
        protected void onCancelled() {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onCancelled() called");  
            textView.setText("cancelled");  
            progressBar.setProgress(0);  

            execute.setEnabled(true);  
            cancel.setEnabled(false);  
        }  
    }  
}  

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xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:orientation="vertical"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">  
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/execute"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="execute"/>  
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/cancel"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:enabled="false"  
        android:text="cancel"/>  
    <ProgressBar   
        android:id="@+id/progress_bar"   
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
        android:progress="0"  
        android:max="100"  
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"/>  
    <ScrollView  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">  
        <TextView  
            android:id="@+id/text_view"  
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>  
    </ScrollView>  
</LinearLayout>  

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清单文件中添加权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>  

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运行效果图:

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AsyncTask基本原理

1.我们先来看一下他的类结构图:

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2.原理分析

(1).AsyncTasK分析我们先从execute开始分析

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

(2)executeOnExecutor()方法

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

从上面代码我们知道sDefaultExecutor实际上是一个串行的线程池,一个进行中所有的线程都在这里排队,排队过程后面分析,从executeOnExecutor方法我们知道 onPreExecute()方法先执行,让后线程池开始运行,下面分析线程池的执行过程

 private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

从SerialExecutor 的实现分析,AsyncTask的排队执行的过程,首先系统会把AsyncTask的参数Params参数封装为FutureTask对象,FutureTask是一个并发类,在这里他充当Runable的作用,接着把这个FutureTask会交给SerialExecutor的execute方法处理,SerialExecutor的execute方法会把FutureTask对象插入到mTasks任务队列中,如果这个时候没有AsyncTask任务,那么系统会调用SerialExecutor的scheduleNext()方法去执行下一个任务,知道任务完成为止,从这里可以看出AsyncTask是串行的

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AsyncTask中有两个线程池SerialExecutor和THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR和一个InternalHandler其中SerialExecutor用于去执行任务调度,而THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR用于真正去执行任务,InternalHandler用于将任务环境从线程池切换到主线程中

在AsyncTask的构造方法中有这么一段代码

 mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                return postResult(result);
            }

由于FrutureTask的run方法会调用mWorker 中的call方法,因此mWorker的call方法最终是在线程池中执行, mWorker的run方法会把 mTaskInvoked.set(true),标识当前任务已经被调度然后执行doInBackground()方法,接着传递给postResult()方法

   private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

postResult()方法会给sHandler()发送一个MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的消息,这个sHandler的定义如下:

 private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

在MESSAGE_POST_RESULT会调用finish()方法

  private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

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如果AsyncTask任务取消,那么就执行 onCancelled(result),否则就调用onPostExecute(result),到这里就AsyncTask的整个源码就分析完成了