多线程

多线程Threading

多线程之间的资源是共享的，多线程之间是并发的

多线程的实现

import threading
import time

def music(name):
    print('%s begin to listen to music %s'%(name,time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(3)
    print('%s end to listen to music %s'%(name,time.ctime()))

def game(name):
    print('%s begin to play game %s'%(name,time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(5)
    print('%s end to play game %s'%(name,time.ctime()))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1=threading.Thread(target=music,args=('alex',))#实例化多线程
    t2=threading.Thread(target=game,args=('alex',))

    t1.start()#开始执行多线程
    t2.start()

    print('end....') #注意时间只要5秒就完成
'''alex begin to listen to music Tue Apr 17 21:32:50 2018
alex begin to play game Tue Apr 17 21:32:50 2018
end....
alex end to listen to music Tue Apr 17 21:32:53 2018
alex end to play game Tue Apr 17 21:32:55 2018'''

join

import threading
import time

def music(name):
    print('%s begin to listen to music %s'%(name,time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(3)
    print('%s end to listen to music %s'%(name,time.ctime()))

def game(name):
    print('%s begin to play game %s'%(name,time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(5)
    print('%s end to play game %s'%(name,time.ctime()))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1=threading.Thread(target=music,args=('alex',))#实例化多线程
    t2=threading.Thread(target=game,args=('alex',))

    t1.start()#开始执行多线程
    t2.start()

    t1.join() #join方法是让主线程等待子线程t1结束后才继续执行主线程
    t2.join()  
    print('end....') 
'''alex begin to listen to music Tue Apr 17 21:39:23 2018
alex begin to play game Tue Apr 17 21:39:23 2018
alex end to listen to music Tue Apr 17 21:39:26 2018
alex end to play game Tue Apr 17 21:39:28 2018
end....'''

若改成

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1=threading.Thread(target=music,args=('alex',))#实例化多线程
    t2=threading.Thread(target=game,args=('alex',))

    t1.start()#开始执行多线程
    t2.start()

    t1.join() #join方法是让主线程等待子线程t1结束后才继续执行主线程

    #t2.join()  
    print('end....') 
'''alex begin to listen to music Tue Apr 17 21:41:11 2018
alex begin to play game Tue Apr 17 21:41:11 2018
alex end to listen to music Tue Apr 17 21:41:14 2018
end....
alex end to play game Tue Apr 17 21:41:16 2018'''
#t1在执行完毕后会立即执行print，然后等待执行t2

Setdaemon

import threading
import time

def music(name):
    print('%s begin to listen to music %s'%(name,time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(3)
    print('%s end to listen to music %s'%(name,time.ctime()))

def game(name):
    print('%s begin to play game %s'%(name,time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(5)
    print('%s end to play game %s'%(name,time.ctime()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1=threading.Thread(target=music,args=('alex',))
    t2=threading.Thread(target=game,args=('alex',))
    t2.setDaemon(True) #必须在start前设置，一旦主线程结束，对应的子线程也结束
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    print('end....')
'''
alex begin to listen to music Thu Apr 19 15:22:42 2018
alex begin to play game Thu Apr 19 15:22:42 2018
end....
alex end to listen to music Thu Apr 19 15:22:45 2018
'''
#在打印end...后还要等待t1的运行，当t1运行完后，主线程才算结束，t2也跟着结束

若改成

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1=threading.Thread(target=music,args=('alex',))
    t2=threading.Thread(target=game,args=('alex',))
    t1.setDaemon(True) #必须在start前设置，一旦主线程结束，对应的子线程也结束
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    print('end....')
'''
alex begin to listen to music Thu Apr 19 15:26:46 2018
alex begin to play game Thu Apr 19 15:26:46 2018
end....
alex end to listen to music Thu Apr 19 15:26:49 2018
alex end to play game Thu Apr 19 15:26:51 2018
'''
#在打印end...之后要等待t2运行，但t1在t2运行结束之前已经运行，故当t2结束运行，主线程结束时t1也运行完毕

线程相关的其他方法

#Thread实例对象的方法
  # isAlive(): 返回线程是否活动的。
  # getName(): 返回线程名。
  # setName(): 设置线程名。

#threading模块提供的一些方法：
  # threading.currentThread(): 返回当前的线程变量。
  # threading.enumerate(): 返回一个包含正在运行的线程的list。正在运行指线程启动后、结束前，不包括启动前和终止后的线程。
  # threading.activeCount(): 返回正在运行的线程数量，与len(threading.enumerate())有相同的结果。

from threading import Thread
import threading


def work():
    import time
    time.sleep(3)
    print(threading.current_thread().getName())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    #在主进程下开启线程
    t=Thread(target=work)
    t.start()

    print(threading.current_thread().getName())
    print(threading.current_thread()) #主线程
    print(threading.enumerate()) #连同主线程在内有两个运行的线程
    print(threading.active_count())
    print('主线程/主进程')

    '''
    打印结果:
    MainThread
    <_MainThread(MainThread, started 140735268892672)>
    [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 140735268892672)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 123145307557888)>]
    主线程/主进程
    Thread-1
    '''

主线程等待子线程结束

from threading import Thread
import time
def sayhi(name):
    time.sleep(2)
    print('%s say hello' %name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t=Thread(target=sayhi,args=('alex',))
    t.start()
    t.join()
    print('主线程')
    print(t.is_alive())
    '''
    alex say hello
    主线程
    False
    '''