多进程

与线程不同，进程没有任何共享状态，进程修改的数据，改动仅限于该进程内，多进程间的资源是相互独立的，多进程是并行的

多进程的实现与多线程类似

注意：在windows中Process()必须放到# if __name__ == '__main__':下

import multiprocessing,time

def run():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('hello',time.ctime())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    l=[]
    for i in range(3):
        t=multiprocessing.Process(target=run)
        l.append(t)
        t.start()
    for t in l:
        t.join()
        
    print('end...')
'''
hello Fri Apr 20 22:08:32 2018
hello Fri Apr 20 22:08:32 2018
hello Fri Apr 20 22:08:32 2018
end...
'''

用类实现

import multiprocessing,time
class Myprocess(multiprocessing.Process):
    def run(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print('hello',self.name,time.ctime())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    l=[]
    for i in range(3):
        t=Myprocess()
        l.append(t)
        t.start()
    for t in l:
        t.join()
    print('end...')
'''
hello Myprocess-1 Fri Apr 20 22:16:41 2018
hello Myprocess-2 Fri Apr 20 22:16:42 2018
hello Myprocess-3 Fri Apr 20 22:16:42 2018
end...
'''

进程间的数据是相互独立的

import multiprocessing,time,os
n=100
def foo():
    global n
    n=0
    print('subprocess n is',n)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t=multiprocessing.Process(target=foo)
    t.start()
    t.join()
    print('main process n is',n)
'''
subprocess n is 0
main process n is 100
'''

守护进程

import multiprocessing,time
class Myprocess(multiprocessing.Process):
    def run(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        print('hello',self.name,time.ctime())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    l=[]
    for i in range(3):
        t=Myprocess()
        l.append(t)
        t.daemon=True
        t.start()
    print('end...')
'''
end...
'''

注意：进程之间是互相独立的，主进程代码运行结束，守护进程随即终止

#主进程代码运行完毕,守护进程就会结束
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread
import time
def foo():
    print(123)
    time.sleep(1)
    print("end123")

def bar():
    print(456)
    time.sleep(3)
    print("end456")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p1=Process(target=foo)
    p2=Process(target=bar)

    p1.daemon=True
    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    print("main-------") #打印该行则主进程代码结束,则守护进程p1应该被终止,可能会有p1任务执行的打印信息123,因为主进程打印main----时,p1也执行了,但是随即被终止
'''
main-------
456
end456
'''

PID

import multiprocessing,time,os
def info(title):
    print('title:',title)
    print('Parent process ID:',os.getppid())#打印父进程ID
    print('Process ID:',os.getpid())#打印现在进程ID
def f():
    info('main process')
    print('Ok...')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    f()
    t=multiprocessing.Process(target=info,args=('subprocess',))
    print('-'*20)
    time.sleep(2)
    t.start()
    t.join()
    print('end....')

'''
title: main process
Parent process ID: 4676  #因为使用pycharm运行，故pycharm的进程ID为父进程，如果用解释器则没有父进程ID
Process ID: 2980
Ok...
--------------------
title: subprocess
Parent process ID: 2980
Process ID: 2116
end....
'''