JAVAWEB反射学习笔记

一、反射概念

 反射就是加载类，然后获取类的属性、方法和构造函数等。

为了方便我用自己创建的Demo类来举例

package com.demo;

public class Demo {
    private String name = "demo";
    private int number = 001;
    public long time = 0;
    private String by = "Hermit_Yoshino";
    public String publicString;
    
    public Demo () {
        System.out.println("This is Demo's no parameter constructors method");
    }
    public Demo (String name) {
        this.name = name;
        System.out.println("This is Demo's String constructors method");
    }
    private Demo (String name, int number) {
        this.name = name;
        this.number = number;
        System.out.println("This is Demo's String and int constructors method");
    }
    
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    
    public void run () {
        System.out.println("run");
    }
    public void run (String fast) {
        System.out.println("run" + fast);
    }
    
    private long time () {
        this.time = System.currentTimeMillis();
        return time;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("main");
    }
}

 

二、加载类到内存

一共有三种加载类的方法

public class Reflex {
    public void demoTest () throws ClassNotFoundException {
         Class demoAClass = Class.forName("com.demo.Demo");
         //这里的name “com.demo.Demo” 在eclipse中可通过右击Demo类的 Copy Quailfied Name 选项获取
         
         Class demoBClass = new Demo().getClass();
         
         Class demoCClass = Demo.class;
         
    }
}

三、解剖反射类

通过使用getConstructor()、getMethod()、getField(),可以反射public成员，
如果需要反射private成员，需要使用getDeclaredConstructor()、getDeclaredMethod()、getDeclaredField()

1.反射构造方法

//以下为方法介绍
getConstructor
public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
                              throws NoSuchMethodException,
                                     SecurityException

getDeclaredConstructor
public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
                                      throws NoSuchMethodException,
                                             SecurityException

public void demoConstructorTest () throws Exception {
        Class demoClass = Class.forName("com.demo.Demo");
        
        //无参构造方法
        Constructor demoNullConstructor = demoClass.getConstructor(null);
        Demo demoNullDemo = (Demo) demoNullConstructor.newInstance(null);
        //输出
        //This is Demo's no parameter constructors method
        
        //有参构造方法
        Constructor demoStringConstructor = demoClass.getConstructor(String.class);
        Demo demoStringDemo = (Demo) demoStringConstructor.newInstance("demoString");
        //输出
        //This is Demo's String constructors method
        
        //通过getDeclaredConstructor()进行private构造方法
        Constructor demoPrivateConstructor = demoClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);
        demoPrivateConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        Demo demoPrivateDemo = (Demo) demoPrivateConstructor.newInstance("demo1", 1);
        //输出
        //This is Demo's String and int constructors method
        
        //特殊方法创建对象
        Demo demoSpecialDemo = (Demo) demoClass.newInstance();
        //使用此方法时必须保证有无参构造方法
        //输出
        //This is Demo's no parameter constructors method
    }

2.反射方法

getMethod
public Method getMethod(String name,
                        Class<?>... parameterTypes)
                 throws NoSuchMethodException,
                        SecurityException
getDeclaredMethod
public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name,
                                Class<?>... parameterTypes)
                         throws NoSuchMethodException,
                                SecurityException

public void demoMethodTest () throws Exception {
        Class demoClass = new Demo().getClass();
        
        Demo objectSpecialDemo = (Demo) demoClass.newInstance();
        
        //无参run方法
        Method demoRunMethod = demoClass.getMethod("run", null);
        demoRunMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, null);
        //输出
        //run
        
        //有参run方法
        Method demoRunFastMethod = demoClass.getMethod("run", String.class);
        demoRunFastMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, "fast");
        //输出
        //runfast
        
        //Private方法
        Method demoPrivateTimeMethod = demoClass.getDeclaredMethod("time", null);
        demoPrivateTimeMethod.setAccessible(true);
        demoPrivateTimeMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, null);
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(objectSpecialDemo.time));
        //输出
        //2019-03-31 15:50:33
        
        //main 方法
        Method demoMainMethod = demoClass.getMethod("main", String[].class);
        //以下两种方法皆可
        demoMainMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, (Object)new String[]{"1", "2"});
        demoMainMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, new Object[]{new String[]{"1", "2"}});
        //输出
        //main
    }

3.反射字段

getField
public Field getField(String name)
               throws NoSuchFieldException,
                      SecurityException
getDeclaredField
public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
                       throws NoSuchFieldException,
                              SecurityException

package com.demo;

import org.junit.Test;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;


public class Reflex {
    @Test
    public void demoClassTest () throws Exception {
         Class demoAClass = Class.forName("com.demo.Demo");
         //这里的name “com.demo.Demo” 在eclipse中可通过右击Demo类的 Copy Quailfied Name 选项获取
         
         Class demoBClass = new Demo().getClass();
         
         Class demoCClass = Demo.class;
    }
    
    @Test
    public void demoConstructorTest () throws Exception {
        Class demoClass = Class.forName("com.demo.Demo");
        
        //无参构造方法
        Constructor demoNullConstructor = demoClass.getConstructor(null);
        Demo objectNullDemo = (Demo) demoNullConstructor.newInstance(null);
        //输出
        //This is Demo's no parameter constructors method
        
        //有参构造方法
        Constructor demoStringConstructor = demoClass.getConstructor(String.class);
        Demo objectStringDemo = (Demo) demoStringConstructor.newInstance("demoString");
        //输出
        //This is Demo's String constructors method
        
        //通过getDeclaredConstructor()进行private构造方法
        Constructor demoPrivateConstructor = demoClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);
        demoPrivateConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        Demo objectPrivateDemo = (Demo) demoPrivateConstructor.newInstance("demo1", 1);
        //输出
        //This is Demo's String and int constructors method
        
        //特殊方法创建对象
        Demo objectSpecialDemo = (Demo) demoClass.newInstance();
        //使用此方法时必须保证有无参构造方法
        //输出
        //This is Demo's no parameter constructors method
    }
    
    @Test
    public void demoMethodTest () throws Exception {
        Class demoClass = new Demo().getClass();
        
        Demo objectSpecialDemo = (Demo) demoClass.newInstance();
        
        //无参run方法
        Method demoRunMethod = demoClass.getMethod("run", null);
        demoRunMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, null);
        //输出
        //run
        
        //有参run方法
        Method demoRunFastMethod = demoClass.getMethod("run", String.class);
        demoRunFastMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, "fast");
        //输出
        //runfast
        
        //Private方法
        Method demoPrivateTimeMethod = demoClass.getDeclaredMethod("time", null);
        demoPrivateTimeMethod.setAccessible(true);
        demoPrivateTimeMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, null);
        System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(objectSpecialDemo.time));
        //输出
        //2019-03-31 15:50:33
        
        //main 方法
        Method demoMainMethod = demoClass.getMethod("main", String[].class);
        //以下两种方法皆可
        demoMainMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, (Object)new String[]{"1", "2"});
        demoMainMethod.invoke(objectSpecialDemo, new Object[]{new String[]{"1", "2"}});
        //输出
        //main
    }
    
    @Test
    public void demoFieldTest () throws Exception {
        Class demoClass = Demo.class;
        
        Demo objectSpecialDemo = (Demo) demoClass.newInstance();
        
        //time成员变量
        Field demoTimeField = demoClass.getField("time");
        long timeLong =  (long) demoTimeField.get(objectSpecialDemo);
        System.out.println(timeLong);
        //输出
        //0
        
        //publicString变量
        Field demoPublicStringField = demoClass.getField("publicString");
        String publicString = (String) demoPublicStringField.get(objectSpecialDemo);
        System.out.println(publicString);
        //输出
        //null
        
        //设置变量的值
        demoPublicStringField.set(objectSpecialDemo,"publicString");
        //注：可以用下函数获取变量的类型
        Class demoTypeClass = demoPublicStringField.getType();
        //再通过以下函数判断
        if (demoTypeClass.equals(String.class)) {
            publicString = (String) demoPublicStringField.get(objectSpecialDemo);
            System.out.println(publicString);
        }
        
        //private变量
        Field demoPrivateStringField = demoClass.getDeclaredField("by");
        demoPrivateStringField.setAccessible(true);
        String privateString = (String) demoPrivateStringField.get(objectSpecialDemo);
        System.out.println(privateString);
        //输出
        //Hermit_Yoshino
    }
}

四、最后

源文件已上传csdn，当然也上传了gitee

需要的可以访问

https://gitee.com/rorikontesu/javaweb_reflex_demo/tree/master

或 https://download.csdn.net/download/hermit_yoshino/11077079