MACOS开发 -- 通过访问Camera，实时获取图片

之前做过一个项目，就是通过MAC 端软件来监控。路口或者家门口摄像头所拍摄的实时画面。项目匆匆结束交付之后，最近查看想在上面做点其他的需求。发现当时给的测试账号已经过期啦。无奈只能实用自己的笔记本摄像头来代替。
因为之前的的数据访问与数据展示都是我做点，所以说写就是。But…. 悲剧的事情发生啦。之前QTKit下的QTCaptureDevice的系统类都找不到啦。于是，网上各种翻阅资料也不得其果。后来查阅苹果文档，才发现苹果把QTKit 下的库迁移到啦AVFoundation下面。于是轻松在找到啦AVCaptureDevice。

要想访问摄像头需要做以下几件事：
1. 加载视频输入源（camera）。
2. 创建会话。
3. 创建视频输出源（显示器）。
4. 将视频输入源与视频输出源建立会话链接。

---

核心代码如下：

// 初始化视频输入输出
-(void)setupVideoInputOutput
{
    // 添加视频输入源
    AVCaptureDevice    *videoDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    if(videoDevice)
    {
        if(!self.session)
        {
            self.session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc]init];
        }
        NSError *error = Nil;
        AVCaptureDeviceInput  *deviceInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:videoDevice error:&error];
        if(deviceInput)
        {
            if([self.session canAddInput:deviceInput]){
                [self.session addInput:deviceInput];
                self.videoDataOutput = [[AVCaptureVideoDataOutput alloc]init];
                dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("myQueue",DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
                // 实现其代理方法 并实时得到数据
                [self.videoDataOutput setSampleBufferDelegate:self queue:queue];
                if([self.session canAddOutput:self.videoDataOutput])
                {
                    [self.session addOutput:self.videoDataOutput];
                    AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer  *captureVideoPreviewLayer = [[AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer alloc]initWithSession:self.session];
                    captureVideoPreviewLayer.frame = self.view.bounds;
                    captureVideoPreviewLayer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
                    // [self.view.layer addSublayer:captureVideoPreviewLayer];
                    [[NSApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow.contentView.layer addSublayer:captureVideoPreviewLayer];
                    [self.session startRunning];
                }else
                {
                    NSLog(@"ERROR: Session cannot add output");
                }
            }else
            {
                NSLog(@"ERROR: Session cannot add input");
            }

        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"ERROR: Create Device Input error: %@",error);
        }
    }else
    {
        NSLog(@"ERROR:Cannot find video Device");
    }
}

代理方法如下：

- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection
{
    NSLog(@"get image Start");
    CGImageRef imageRef = [self DataFromCMSampleBufferRef:sampleBuffer];
    NSTimeInterval period = 1.0; //设置时间间隔
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    dispatch_source_t _timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, queue);
    dispatch_source_set_timer(_timer, dispatch_walltime(NULL, 0), period * NSEC_PER_SEC, 0); //每秒执行
    dispatch_source_set_event_handler(_timer, ^{
        //在这里执行事件
         [self imageFromeCGImageRef:imageRef];
        NSLog(@"~ imageFromeCGImageRef ~");
    });
    dispatch_resume(_timer);
    NSLog(@"get image End");
}

在将视频流转化 为图片的方法如下：

// CMSampleBufferRef –> CVImageBufferRef –> CGContextRef –> CGImageRef –> UIImage
-(CGImageRef)DataFromCMSampleBufferRef:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer
{
    // Get a CMSampleBuffer's Core Video image buffer for the media data
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    // Lock the base address of the pixel buffer
    CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, 0);
    // Get the number of bytes per row for the plane pixel buffer
    //void *baseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddressOfPlane(imageBuffer, 0);
    uint8_t * baseAddress = (uint8_t *)CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(imageBuffer);
    // Get the number of bytes per row for the plane pixel buffer
    size_t bytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(imageBuffer);
    //CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRowOfPlane(imageBuffer);
    // Get the pixel buffer width and height
    size_t width = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(imageBuffer);
    size_t height = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(imageBuffer);

    CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, 0);
    // Create a device-dependent gray color space
    CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceGray();
    // Create a bitmap graphics context with the sample buffer data
    CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(baseAddress, width, height, 8,
                                                 bytesPerRow, colorSpace,kCGImageAlphaNone);
    // Create a Quartz image from the pixel data in the bitmap graphics context
    CGImageRef quartzImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
    // Unlock the pixel buffer
    CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(imageBuffer,0);
    // Free up the context and color space
    CGContextRelease(context);
    CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
    return quartzImage;
}

需要注意的是：
要想在窗口中显示视频流，必须实用AVCaptureView去装在视频，否则无法显示。PS：当然有些人也可能实用NSImageView去将其转换为图片在去装载，这个另当别论。

    [self.view addSubview:self.captureView];
    self.captureView.controlsStyle = AVCaptureViewControlsStyleFloating;
    self.captureView.delegate = self;
    [[NSApplication sharedApplication].mainWindow setContentView:self.captureView];

---

扩展：
也许有人会说直接截屏得到图片也未尝不可。但是需要注意的是在截取View的时候 ，注意锁定焦点：

+ (NSImage *)viewToImage:(NSView *)m_view
{
    //    焦点锁定
    [m_view lockFocus];
    //    生成所需图片
    NSImage *image = [[NSImage alloc]initWithData:[m_view dataWithPDFInsideRect:[m_view bounds]]];
    [m_view unlockFocus];
    return image;
}

---

可以通过OpenCV来实现
NSImage—->CGImageRef

- (CGImageRef)nsImageToCGImageRef:(NSImage*)image;
{
    NSData * imageData          = [image TIFFRepresentation];
    CGImageRef imageRef;
    if(imageData)
    {
        CGImageSourceRef imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((CFDataRef)imageData,  NULL);
        imageRef = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(imageSource, 0, NULL);
    }
    return imageRef;
}

CGImageRef——->NSImage

+ (NSImage*) imageFromCGImageRef:(CGImageRef)image
{
    NSRect imageRect = NSMakeRect(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    CGContextRef imageContext = nil;
    NSImage* newImage = nil;

    // Get the image dimensions.
    imageRect.size.height = CGImageGetHeight(image);
    imageRect.size.width = CGImageGetWidth(image);
    // Create a new image to receive the Quartz image data.
    newImage = [[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:imageRect.size];

    [newImage lockFocus];
    // Get the Quartz context and draw.
    imageContext = (CGContextRef)[[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
    CGContextDrawImage(imageContext, *(CGRect*)&imageRect, image);
    [newImage unlockFocus];

    return newImage;

}