Java的反射中，Class.forName和ClassLoader的区别

在Java中Class.forName和ClassLoader都可以对类进行加载。

ClassLoader就是遵循双亲委派模式 最终调用启动类的类加载器。实现的功能是通过一个类的全名来获取此类的二进制字节流。获取后放到JVM中。

Class.forName实际上也是调用的ClassLoader来实现的。

    @CallerSensitive
    public static Class<?> forName(String className)
                throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
        return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
    }

从上面的Class.forName(String className)的源码中可以看出，调用的是forName0这个方法，而这个方法的第二个参数默认设置为true，就代表会执行类中的静态代码块，以及对静态变量的赋值等操作。第三个参数就是调用ClassLoader来实现的。

同时也可以调用 Class.forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader)方法来手动选择在加载类的时候是否要对类进行初始化， Class.forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader)的源码如下：

/**
     * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
     * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
     * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
     * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
     * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
     * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
     * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
     * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
     * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
     * not been initialized earlier.
     *
     * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
     * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
     * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
     * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
     * types or void.
     *
     * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
     * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
     *
     * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * is equivalent to:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
     * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
     * Java Language Specification</em>.
     * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
     * is accessible to its caller.
     *
     * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
     * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
     * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
     * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
     * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
     *
     * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
     * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
     *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
     * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
     * @return           class object representing the desired class
     *
     * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *            by this method fails
     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
     *            the specified class loader
     *
     * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
     * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
     * @since     1.2
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
                                   ClassLoader loader)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        Class<?> caller = null;
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
            // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
            caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
            if (sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
                ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
                if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(ccl)) {
                    sm.checkPermission(
                        SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
                }
            }
        }
        return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
    }

if {@code true} the class will be initialized.意思就是：如果initialize为true，就进行类的初始化。

接下来实际动手测试一下：Class.forName

public class ReflectTest {
    @Test
    public void test01() {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.hucl.sell.littleDemo.ReflectDemo");
            System.out.println("--------------Class.forName()反射产生的结果-----------------");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下：

This is static code
execute this static method
--------------Class.forName()反射产生的结果-----------------

ClassLoader：

@Test
    public void test02() {
        try {
            ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass("com.hucl.sell.littleDemo.ReflectDemo");
            System.out.println("--------------ClassLoader反射产生的结果-----------------");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

结果：

--------------ClassLoader反射产生的结果-----------------

可以看出ClassLoader对静态代码块和静态变量并没有进行初始化。

所以Class.forName除了将类的.class文件加载到jvm中之外，还会对类进行解释，执行类中的static块。

而classloader只干一件事情，就是将.class文件加载到jvm中，不会执行static中的内容，只有在newInstance才会去执行static块。

Class.forName(name,initialize,loader)带参数也可控制是否加载static块。并且只有调用了newInstance()方法采用调用构造函数，创建类的对象。