一、微服务场景模拟
首先,我们需要模拟一个服务调用的场景。方便后面学习微服务架构
例子:
1.1 服务提供者
我们新建一个项目,对外提供查询用户的服务。
创建数据库
CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`user_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`birthday` date DEFAULT NULL,
`created` date DEFAULT NULL,
`updated` date DEFAULT NULL,
`note` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tb_user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES ('1', 'tom', '123456', 'tom', '20', '1', '1999-11-29', '2018-11-29', '2018-11-29', null);
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES ('2', 'lucy', '123456', 'lucy', '20', '2', '2018-11-29', '2018-11-29', '2018-11-29', null);
1.2 Spring脚手架创建工程
添加web依赖:
添加mybatis依赖:
填写项目位置:保持每个项目都是独立的 不存在包含关系
创建成功:
打开pom,依赖也已经全部自动引入:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.czxy.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>user-service-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>user-service-demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
因为要使用通用mapper,所以我们需要手动加一条依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
注意:SpringCloud中mysql驱动包默认是8.x,太高了,可能会引起问题,所以需要修改成5.x
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<version>5.1.32</version>
</dependency>
1.3编写代码
按照普通写web方式创建项目各个包
添加一个对外查询的接口:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
return this.userService.queryById(id);
}
}
Service:
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public User queryById(Long id) {
return this.userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}
}
mapper:
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper extends tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper<User>{
}
实体类:
@Table(name = "tb_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
// 用户名
private String userName;
// 密码
private String password;
// 姓名
private String name;
// 年龄
private Integer age;
// 性别,1男性,2女性
private Integer sex;
// 出生日期
private Date birthday;
// 创建时间
private Date created;
// 更新时间
private Date updated;
// 备注
private String note;
// 。。。省略getters和setters
}
属性文件,这里我们采用了yaml语法,而不是properties:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/crm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
1.4 启动并测试:
启动项目,访问接口:http://localhost:8081/user/1
使用工具Postman域名访问 结果
1.5 搭建客户端:
1.5.1创建工程
与上面类似,这里不再赘述,需要注意的是,我们调用user-service的功能,因此不需要mybatis相关依赖了。
同级
pom 注意删除了测试,springboot版本改为了2.0.4
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.czxy</groupId>
<artifactId>user-consumer-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>user-consumer-demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
1.5.2 编写代码
项目结构,设置端口号为8082
首先在启动类中注册RestTemplate
:
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserConsumerDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserConsumerDemoApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
然后编写UserDao,注意,这里不是调用mapper查数据库,而是通过RestTemplate远程查询user-service-demo中的接口:
@Component
public class UserDao {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public User queryUserById(Long id){
String url = "http://localhost:8082/user/" + id;
return this.restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
}
}
然后编写user-service,循环查询UserDao信息:
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
public List<User> queryUserByIds(List<Long> ids){
List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
for (Long id : ids) {
User user = this.userDao.queryUserById(id);
users.add(user);
}
return users;
}
}
编写controller:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping
public List<User> consume(@RequestParam("ids") List<Long> ids) {
return this.userService.queryUserByIds(ids);
}
}
复制pojo 删除mapper的内容 只保留类本身
1.6.启动测试:
Postman测试:http://localhost:8082/consumer?ids=1,2
一个简单的远程服务调用案例就实现了。下一步使用Eureka服务治理
扩展:RunDashBoard的设置
新增
<option name="configurationTypes">
<set>
<option value="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType" />
</set>
</option>
启动的时候就变成这样了,比以前启动更好用,可以看见端口号,结构清楚
祝你幸福
送你一首歌《Shape of You》Ed Sheeran
附图:电影《天堂电影院》1988 豆瓣 9.1 法国/意大利 截图 (图片为《乱世佳人》1939 豆瓣 9.2 美国)