一:组件注册
语法:
Vue.component(组件名称,{
data:组件数据,
template:组件模板内容
})
注意:data值必须是一个函数。
组件模板内容必须是单个跟元素。
组件模板内容可以是模板字符串。
1)模板字符串需要浏览器提供支持(ES6语法)
例子:
//定义一个名为button-counter的新组件
Vue.component('button-counter',{
data:function(){
return{
count:0
}
},
template:'<button v-on:click='count++">点击了{{count}}次.</button>'
})
组件用法:
<div id="app">
<button-countr></button-counter>
</div>
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button-counter></button-counter>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
组件注册
*/
Vue.component('button-counter',{
data:function () {
return{
count:0
}
},
template:'<button @click="handle">点击{{count}}次</button>',
methods:{
handle:function () {
this.count++;
}
}
})
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
组件命名方式:
短横线方式:
Vue.component('my-component',{})
驼峰方式:
Vue.component('MyComponent',{})
2:局部组件注册
var ComponentA={}
var ComponentB={}
var ComponentC={}
new Vue({
el:'#app',
components:{
'component-a':ComponentA,
'component-b':ComponentB,
'component-c':ComponentC,
}
}
)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<hello-world></hello-world>
<hello-tom></hello-tom>
<hello-jerry></hello-jerry>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
局部组件注册
局部组件只能在注册他的父组件中使用。
*/
var HelloWorld={
data:function () {
return {
msg:'HelloWorld'
}
},
template:'<div>{{msg}}</div>'
}
var HelloTom={
data:function () {
return{
msg:'HelloTom'
}
},
template:'<div>{{msg}}</div>'
}
var HelloJerry={
data:function () {
return{
msg:'HelloJerry'
}
},
template:'<div>{{msg}}</div>'
}
var vm=new Vue({
el:'#app',
components:{
'hello-world':HelloWorld,
'hello-tom':HelloTom,
'hello-jerry':HelloJerry
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Vue调试工具安装
1:克隆仓库
2::安装依赖包
3:构建
4:打开Chrome扩展页面。
5:选择开发模式
6:加载已解压的扩展,选择shells/chrome
父组件向子组件传递值。
1.组件内部通过props接收传递过来的值.
Vue.component('menu-item',{
props:['title'],
template:'<div>{{title}}</div>'
})
2:父组件通过属性将值传递给子组件
<menu-item title="来自父组件的数据"><menu-item>
<menu-item :title="title"></menu-item>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>{{pmsg}}</div>
<menu-item :menu-title='ptitle'></menu-item>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
父组件向子组件传值-属性名规则。
*/
Vue.component('third-com',{
props:['testTitle'],
template:'<div>{{testTitle}}</div>'
});
Vue.component('menu-item',{
props:['menuTitle'],
template:'<div>{{menuTitle}}<third-com testTitle="hello"></third-com></div>'
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
pmsg:'父组件中内容',
ptitle:'动态绑定属性'
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
props属性值类型;
字符串 String
数值 Number
布尔值Boolean
数值 Array
对象 Object
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>{{pmsg}}</div>
<menu-item :pstr='pstr' :pnum='12' :pboo=true :parr='parr' :pobj='pobj'></menu-item>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.component('menu-item',{
props:['pstr','pnum','pboo','parr','pobj'],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{pstr}}</div>
<div>{{12 + pnum}}</div>
<div>{{typeof pboo}}</div>
<ul>
<li :key='index' v-for='(item,index) in parr' :pobj='pobj'>{{item}}</li>
</ul>
<span>{{pobj.name}}</span>
<span>{{pobj.age}}</span>
</div>
</div>
`
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
pmsg:'父组件中内容',
pstr:'hello',
parr:['apple','orange','banana'],
pobj:{
name:'list',
age: 12
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
子组件向父组件传值
1.子组件通过自定义事件向父组件传递信息。
<button v-on:click='$emit("enlarge-text")'>扩大字体</button>
2.父组件监听子组件的事件
<menu-item v-on:enlarge-text='fontSize+=0.1'><menu-item>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div :style='{fontSize:fontSize+"px" }'>{{pmsg}}</div>
<menu-item :parr='parr' @enlarge-text='handle'></menu-item>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
子组件向父组件传值--基本用法
props传递数据原则:单向数据流(只允许父组件向子组件传值,不允许子组件向父组件传值).
*/
Vue.component('menu-item',{
props:['parr'],
template: `
<div>
<ul>
<li :key='index' v-for='(item,index in parr'>{{item}}</li>
</ul>
<button @click='parr.push("lemon")'>点击</button>
<button @click='$emit("enlarge-text")'>扩大父组件字体大小</button>
</div> `
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
pmsg:'组件中内容',
parr:['apple','orange','banana'],
fontSize:10
},
methods:{
handle:function () {
//扩大字体大小
this.fontSize+=5;
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
3:子组件通过子定义事件向父组件传递信息:
<button v-on:click='$emit("enlarge-text",0.1)'>扩大字体</button>
4:父组件监听子组件的事件
<menu-item v-on:enlarge-text='fontSize+=$event'></menu-item>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div :style='{fontSize:fontSize+"px" }'>{{pmsg}}</div>
<menu-item :parr='parr' @enlarge-text='handle($event)'></menu-item>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
子组件向父组件传值--基本用法
props传递数据原则:单向数据流(只允许父组件向子组件传值,不允许子组件向父组件传值).
*/
Vue.component('menu-item',{
props:['parr'],
template: `
<div>
<ul>
<li :key='index' v-for='(item,index in parr'>{{item}}</li>
</ul>
<button @click='parr.push("lemon")'>点击</button>
<button @click='$emit("enlarge-text",10)'>扩大父组件字体大小</button>
<button @click='$emit("enlarge-text",5)'>扩大父组件字体大小</button>
</div> `
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
pmsg:'组件中内容',
parr:['apple','orange','banana'],
fontSize:10
},
methods:{
handle:function (val) {
//扩大字体大小
this.fontSize+=val;
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
非父子组件间传值
1.单独的事件中心管理组件间的通信
1:单独的事件中心管理组件间的通信
var eventHub =new Vue()
2:监听事件与销毁事件
eventHub.$on('add-todo',addTodo)
eventHub.$off(add-todo)
3:触发事件
eventHub.$emit('add-todo',id)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>父组件</div>
<test-tom></test-tom>
<test-jerry></test-jerry>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
兄弟组件之间数据传递
*/
/*
提供事件中心
*/
var hub = new Vue();
Vue.component('test-tom',{
data:function () {
return{
num:0
}
},
template:'<div>\n' +
' <div>TOM:{{num}}</div>\n' +
' <div>\n' +
' <button @click=\'handle\'>点击</button>\n' +
' </div>\n' +
' </div>',
methods:{
handle:function () {
hub.$emit('jerry-event',2);
}
},
mounted:function () {
//监听事件
hub.$on('tom-event',(val) =>{
this.num+=val;
});
}
});
Vue.component('test-jerry',{
data:function () {
return{
num:0
}
},
template:'<div>\n' +
' <div>Jerry:{{num}}</div>\n' +
' <div>\n' +
' <button @click=\'handle\'>点击</button>\n' +
' </div>\n' +
' </div>',
methods:{
handle:function () {
//触发兄弟组件的事件
hub.$emit('tom-event',1);
}
},
mounted:function () {
//监听事件
hub.$on('jerry-event',(val) =>{
this.num+=val;
});
}
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
组件插槽的作用
组件插槽基本用法:
1.插槽位置
Vue.component('alert-box',{
template:'
<div class="demo-alert-box">
<strong>Error!<strong>
<slot></slot>//名字固定
<div>
'
})
2:插槽内容
<alert-box>something bad happened.</alert-box>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<alert-box>有bug发生</alert-box>
<alert-box>有一个警告</alert-box>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
组件插槽
*/
Vue.component('alert-box',{
template:'<div><strong>ERROR:</strong><slot> 默认内容</slot></div>'
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
具名插槽用法:
1.插槽定义
<div class="container"
<header>
<slot name="header‘></slot>
<header>
<main
<slot></slot>
</main>
<footer>
<slot name="footer"></slot>
</footer。
</div>
2:插槽内容
<base-layout>
<h1 slot="header">标题内容<h1>
<p>主要内容1</p>
<p>主要内容</p>
<p solt="footer">底部内容</p>
</base-layout>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<base-layout>
<p slot='header'>标题信息</p>
<p>主要内容1</p>
<p>主要内容2</p>
<p slot='footer'>底部信息</p>
</base-layout>
<base-layout>
<template slot='header'>
<p>标题信息1</p>
<p>标题信息2</p>
</template>
<p>主要内容1</p>
<p>主要内容2</p>
<template sslot='footer'>
<p>标题信息1</p>
<p>标题信息2</p>
</template>
</base-layout>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
具名插槽
*/
Vue.component('base-layout',{
template:'<div><header><slot name="header"></slot></header><main><slot ></slot></main><footer><slot name="footer"></slot></footer></div>'
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
作用域插槽
应用场景:父组件对子组件的内容进行加工处理。
1.插槽定义
<ul>
<li v-for="item in list" v-bind:key=item.id">
<slot v-bind:item="item">
{{item.name}}
</solt>
</li>
</ul>
2.插槽内容
<fruit-list v-bind:list="list">
<template slot-scope="slotProps">
<strong v-if="slotProps.item.current">
{{slotProps.item.text}}
</strong>
</template>
</fruit-list>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
.current {
color: orange;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<fruit-list :list='list'>
<template slot-scope='slotProps'>
<strong v-if='slotProps.info.id==2' class="current">{{slotProps.info.name}}</strong>
<span v-else>{{slotProps.info.name}}</span>
</template>
</fruit-list>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
作用域插槽
*/
Vue.component('fruit-list',{
props:['list'],
template:'<div><li :key="item.id" v-for="item in list"><slot :info="item">{{item.name}}</slot></li></div>'
});
var vm =new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
list:[{
id:1,
name:'apple'
},{
id:2,
name:'orange'
},{
id:3,
name:'banana'
}]
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
二:案例:购物车
1.按照组件化方式实现业务需求
根据业务功能进行组件划分
1):标题组件(展示文本)
2):列表组件(列表展示,商品数量变更,商品删除)
3):结算组件(计算商品总额)
1:功能实现步骤
实现整体布局和样式效果
划分独立的功能组件
组合所有的子组件形成整体结构
逐个实现各个组件功能
标题组件
列表组件
结算组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
<style type="text/css">
.container {
}
.container .cart {
width: 300px;
margin: auto;
}
.container .title {
background-color: lightblue;
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
text-align: center;
/*color: #fff;*/
}
.container .total {
background-color: #FFCE46;
height: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
text-align: right;
}
.container .total button {
margin: 0 10px;
background-color: #DC4C40;
height: 35px;
width: 80px;
border: 0;
}
.container .total span {
color: red;
font-weight: bold;
}
.container .item {
height: 55px;
line-height: 55px;
position: relative;
border-top: 1px solid #ADD8E6;
}
.container .item img {
width: 45px;
height: 45px;
margin: 5px;
}
.container .item .name {
position: absolute;
width: 90px;
top: 0;left: 55px;
font-size: 16px;
}
.container .item .change {
width: 100px;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 50px;
}
.container .item .change a {
font-size: 20px;
width: 30px;
text-decoration:none;
background-color: lightgray;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.container .item .change .num {
width: 40px;
height: 25px;
}
.container .item .del {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0px;
width: 40px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 40px;
cursor: pointer;
color: red;
}
.container .item .del:hover {
background-color: orange;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div class="container">
<my-cart></my-cart>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var CartTitle = {
props:['uname'],
template: `
<div class="title">{{uname}}的商品</div>
`
}
var CartList = {
props:['list'],
template: `
<div>
<div :key="item.id" v-for="item in list" class="item">
<img :src="item.img"/>
<div class="name">{{item.name}}</div>
<div class="change">
<a href="" @click.prevent="sub(item.id)">-</a>
<input type="text" class="num" :value="item.num" @blur="changeNum(item.id,$event)"/>
<a href="" @click.prevent="add(item.id)">+</a>
</div>
<div class="del" @click="del">×</div>
</div>
</div>
`,
methods:{
del:function (id) {
console.log(id);
//把id转递给父组件
this.$emit('cart-del',id);
},
changeNum:function (id,event) {
console.log(id,event.target.value);
this.$emit('change-num',{
id:id,
type:'change',
num:event.target.value
});
},
sub:function (id) {
this.$emit('change-num',{
id:id,
type:'sub'
})
},
add:function (id) {
this.$emit('change-num',{
id:id,
type:'add'
})
}
}
}
var CartTotal = {
props:['list'],
template: `
<div class="total">
<span>总价:{{total}}</span>
<button>结算</button>
</div>
`,
computed:{
total:function () {
//计算商品的总价
var t=0;
this.list.forEach(item =>{
t+=item.price*item.num;
});
return t;
}
}
}
Vue.component('my-cart',{
data:function(){
return{
uname:'张三',
uname: '张三',
list: [{
id: 1,
name: 'TCL彩电',
price: 1000,
num: 1,
img: 'img/a.jpg'
},{
id: 2,
name: '机顶盒',
price: 1000,
num: 1,
img: 'img/b.jpg'
},{
id: 3,
name: '海尔冰箱',
price: 1000,
num: 1,
img: 'img/c.jpg'
},{
id: 4,
name: '小米手机',
price: 1000,
num: 1,
img: 'img/d.jpg'
},{
id: 5,
name: 'PPTV电视',
price: 1000,
num: 2,
img: 'img/e.jpg'
}]
}
},
template: `
<div class='cart'>
<cart-title :uname="uname"></cart-title>
<cart-list :list="list" @change-num="changNum($event)" @cart-del="delCart($event)"></cart-list>
<cart-total :list="list"></cart-total>
</div>
`,
components: {
'cart-title': CartTitle,
'cart-list': CartList,
'cart-total': CartTotal
},
methods:{
changNum:function(val){
//分为三种情况 1:输入域变更,2加号变更 3:减号变更
if(val.type=='change'){
//根据子组件传递过来的数据,更新list中对应的数据。
this.list.some(item =>{
if(item.id==val.id){
item.num=val.num;
//终止遍历
return true;
}
});
}else if(val.type=='sub'){
//减一操作。
this.list.some(item =>{
if(item.id==val.id){
item.num-=1;
//终止遍历
return true;
}
});
}else if(val.type=='add'){
//加一操作
this.list.some(item =>{
if(item.id==val.id){
item.num+=1;
//终止遍历
return true;
}
});
}
},
delCart:function (id) {
//根据id删除list对应的数据。
//1.找到id对应数据的索引。
var index =this.list.findIndex(item =>{
return item.id =id;
});
//2.根据索引删除对应数据
this.list.splice(index,1);
}
}
});
var vm = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>