Spring依赖注入的进阶：深度解析ApplicationContextAware

1. ApplicationContextAware是什么

ApplicationContextAware 是Spring框架中的一个接口，它允许Spring管理的Bean获取对应用程序上下文（ApplicationContext）的访问权限。应用程序上下文是Spring框架的核心容器，负责管理Bean的生命周期、依赖注入以及提供各种服务。

2.为了解决什么问题

ApplicationContextAware 接口的存在解决了以下问题：

非Spring管理的类可能是第三方库、框架、或由其他开发者编写的，它们没有经过Spring的依赖注入，因此无法直接访问或与Spring管理的Bean进行交互。

3. 有哪些应用场景

3.1. 访问其他Spring Bean

public class MyApplicationContextAwareBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    public void doSomethingWithApplicationContext() {
        SomeOtherBean someOtherBean = applicationContext.getBean(SomeOtherBean.class);
        someOtherBean.doSomething();
    }
}

3.2 访问应用程序配置

您可以使用应用程序上下文来访问应用程序的配置属性，例如属性文件中的配置信息或通过Spring的属性占位符访问属性值。

public class ConfigAccessBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    public String getConfigValue(String propertyName) {
        return applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty(propertyName);
    }
}

3.3 在非Spring托管的类中引入AOP切面

public class LoggingAspect implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    public void logMethodInvocation(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        // Access application context for additional functionality
        Logger logger = applicationContext.getBean(Logger.class);
        logger.log("Method invoked: " + joinPoint.getSignature());
    }
}

3.4 动态注册Bean定义

public class BeanRegistrar implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    public void registerNewBean(String beanName, Class<?> beanClass) {
        DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
        beanFactory.registerSingleton(beanName, applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().createBean(beanClass));
    }
}

3.5 执行初始化和清理逻辑

public class AppContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        // Perform initialization logic
        initialize();
    }

    private void initialize() {
        // Perform initialization tasks specific to this application context
    }
}

3.6 在异步任务中访问应用程序上下文

public class AsyncTask implements ApplicationContextAware, Runnable {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // Access the application context within the asynchronous task
        SomeBean someBean = applicationContext.getBean(SomeBean.class);
        someBean.doSomething();
    }
}

3.6 动态获取消息和国际化

public class MessageProvider implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    public String getMessage(String key, Locale locale) {
        return applicationContext.getMessage(key, null, locale);
    }
}

3.7 访问事件发布机制

public class EventListener implements ApplicationContextAware, ApplicationListener<MyCustomEvent> {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(MyCustomEvent event) {
        // Handle the custom event
    }
}