lambda表达式

1、基本语法：

 (parameters) -> expression

    或者：(parameters) ->{ statements; }

例如：

package zpark;

public class ThreadTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //新线程(之前方法）
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("Hello you!");
            }
        }).start();

        //lambda表达式    与上面打印结果相同
        //可以用lambda表达式替换的只有一个方法的接口
        new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Hello you!") ).start();
        /**
         * Hello you!
         * Hello you!
         */
    }
}

2、排序：

package zpark;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class ThreadTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] players = {"haha1","bebe22","zdzd333","qiqu113","llll999"};//1

        //排序
        //java8之前
        Arrays.sort(players, new Comparator<String>() {//2
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                return o1.compareTo(o2);
            }
        });

        Arrays.sort(players);
        for (int i=0 ;  i<players.length ; i++)
            System.out.println("排序：  " + players[i]); //3
/**
 * 排序：  bebe
 * 排序：  haha
 * 排序：  llll
 * 排序：  qiqu
 * 排序：  zdzd
 */
        Arrays.sort(players,(o1,o2) -> o1.compareTo(o2));  //4  //
        // (1)先运行123 使用匿名内部类根据 surname 排序 players
        // (2)在运行134  使用 lambda 排序,根据 surname

        //使用匿名内部类根据 name lenght 排序 players
        Arrays.sort(players, new Comparator<String>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                return (o1.length() - o2.length());
            }
        });

        //使用Lambda,根据name length
        Arrays.sort(players,(o1, o2) -> (o1.length() - o2.length()) );
        for (int i=0 ;  i<players.length ; i++)
        System.out.println("排序：  " + players[i]);
/**
 * 排序：  haha1
 * 排序：  bebe22
 * 排序：  zdzd333
 * 排序：  qiqu113
 * 排序：  llll999
 */

        //使用匿名内部类排序 players, 根据最后一个字母
        Arrays.sort(players, new Comparator<String>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                return (o1.charAt(o1.length() -1 )  - o2.charAt(o2.length() -1 ));
            }
        });

        //使用Lambda,根据最后一个字母
        Arrays.sort(players,(o1,o2) ->(o1.charAt(o1.length()-1) - o2.charAt(o2.length()-1)));
        for (int i=0 ;  i<players.length ; i++)
            System.out.println("排序：  " + players[i]);
/**
 * 排序：  haha1
 * 排序：  bebe22
 * 排序：  qiqu113
 * 排序：  zdzd333
 * 排序：  llll999
 */
    }
}

3,、方法引用

函数式接口的实例可以通过 lambda 表达式、 方法引用、构造方法引用来创建。方法引用是 lambda 表达式的语法糖，任何用方法引用的地方都可由lambda表达式替换，但是并不是所有的lambda表达式都可以用方法引用来替换。

例如：简单的打印集合中所有元素

package zpark;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class ThraedTest4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("xuxiaoxiao", "xudada", "xuzhongzhong");

        //方法引用    打印集合所有元素
        list.forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));
        /**
         * xuxiaoxiao
         * xudada
         * xuzhongzhong
         */

        //使用方法引用的方式，和上面的输出是一样的，方法引用使用的是双冒号（::）
        list.forEach(System.out::println);
        /**
         * xuxiaoxiao
         * xudada
         * xuzhongzhong
         */
    }

}

分类：使用：：

类别

类别	使用形式
静态方法引用	类名：：静态方法名
实例方法引用	对象名（引用名）：：实例方法名
类方法引用	类名：：实例方法名
构造方法应用	类名：：new

（1）静态方法引用

有一个苹果的List，现在需要根据苹果的重量进行排序。List 的 sort 函数接收一个 Comparator 类型的参数，Comparator 是一个函数式接口，接收两个参数，返回一个int值1

Apple的静态方法compareByWeight正好符合Comparator函数式接口，所以可以使用：

Apple::compareByWeight 静态方法引用来替代lambda表达式

Apple实体类：

package zpark;

import scala.collection.generic.BitOperations;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
//ThreadTest3 静态方法引用
//定义实体类
public class  Apple{
    private String name;
    private String color;
    private Double weight;

    public Apple(String name, String color, Double weight) {
        this.name = name;
        this.color = color;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public Double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(Double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ThreadTest3{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                ", weight=" + weight +
                '}';
    }

    public static int comW(Apple a1,Apple a2){
        double diff = a1.getWeight() - a2.getWeight();
        return new Double(diff).intValue();
    }
}

Apple测试类：

package zpark;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class AppleTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Apple apple1 = new Apple("红富士","red",50d);
        Apple apple2 = new Apple("红富","yello",502d);
        Apple apple3 = new Apple("富士","green",500d);
        Apple apple4 = new Apple("红士","cyan",55d);
        Apple apple5 = new Apple("红","black",100d);

        //根据苹果的重量进行排序
        List<Apple> appleList = Arrays.asList(apple1,apple2,apple3,apple4,apple5);
//        System.out.println(appleList);
        appleList.sort(Apple::comW);
        appleList.forEach(apple -> System.out.println(apple));
/**
 * ThreadTest3{name='红富士', color='red', weight=50.0}
 * ThreadTest3{name='红士', color='cyan', weight=55.0}
 * ThreadTest3{name='红', color='black', weight=100.0}
 * ThreadTest3{name='富士', color='green', weight=500.0}
 * ThreadTest3{name='红富', color='yello', weight=502.0}
 */
    }
}

（2）类方法引用

Apple2实体类：

package zpark;


//定义实体类
public class Apple2 {
    private String category;
    private String color;
    private  double weight;

    public Apple2(String category, String color, double weight) {
        this.category = category;
        this.color = color;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public String getCategory() {
        return category;
    }

    public void setCategory(String category) {
        this.category = category;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Apple2{" +
                "category='" + category + '\'' +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                ", weight=" + weight +
                '}';
    }
    public int compareW(Apple2 other){
        double diff = this.getWeight() - other.getWeight();
        return new Double(diff).intValue();
    }
}

Apple2测试类：

package zpark;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class Apple2Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Apple2 apple1 = new Apple2("红富士","red",50d);
        Apple2 apple2 = new Apple2("红富","yello",502d);
        Apple2 apple3 = new Apple2("富士","green",500d);
        Apple2 apple4 = new Apple2("红士","cyan",55d);
        Apple2 apple5 = new Apple2("红","black",100d);
        List<Apple2> apple2List = Arrays.asList(apple1,apple2,apple3,apple4,apple5);

        //lambda 表达式形式
        apple2List.sort((Apple2 a1,Apple2 a2) -> {
            return new Double(apple1.getWeight() - apple2.getWeight()).intValue();

        });
        //这里是类方法引用
        apple2List.sort(Apple2::compareW);
        apple2List.forEach(apple21 -> System.out.println(apple21));
        /**
         * Apple2{category='红富士', color='red', weight=50.0}
         * Apple2{category='红士', color='cyan', weight=55.0}
         * Apple2{category='红', color='black', weight=100.0}
         * Apple2{category='富士', color='green', weight=500.0}
         * Apple2{category='红富', color='yello', weight=502.0}
         */

    }
}

（3）实例方法引用

package zpark;

public class Apple3 {
        private String name;
        private String color;
        private Double weight;

    public Apple3(String name, String color, Double weight) {
        this.name = name;
        this.color = color;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public Double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(Double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Apple3{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                ", weight=" + weight +
                '}';
    }

    //    实例方法
        public static class AppleComparator{
            public int compareByWeight(Apple a1,Apple a2){
                double deff = a1.getWeight() - a2.getWeight();
                int i = new Double(deff).intValue();
                return i;
            }
        }
    }

Apple3测试类

package zpark;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class Apple3Test {
    /**
     * 实例方法引用
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            Apple3 apple1 = new Apple3("红富士", "Red", 280d);
            Apple3 apple2 = new Apple3("蛇果", "Yello", 100d);
            Apple3 apple3 = new Apple3("blue", "Red", 320d);
            Apple3 apple4 = new Apple3("pink", "Green", 300d);
            List<Apple3> appleList = Arrays.asList(apple1, apple2, apple3, apple4);
//        lambda表达式
//        apples.sort((Apple a1,Apple a2) -> {
//            return new Double(a1.getWeight()- a2.getWeight()).intValue();
//        });

//        实例方法引用形式
            Apple3.AppleComparator appleComparator = new Apple3.AppleComparator();
            appleList.sort(appleComparator::compareByWeight
            );
            //        遍历输出
            appleList.forEach(apple -> System.out.println(apple));
        /**
         * Apple3{name='蛇果', color='Yello', weight=100.0}
         * Apple3{name='红富士', color='Red', weight=280.0}
         * Apple3{name='pink', color='Green', weight=300.0}
         * Apple3{name='blue', color='Red', weight=320.0}
         */
    }
}

（4）构造方法引用

package zpark;

import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class ThreadTest5 {
    int age;
    public ThreadTest5(){
    System.out.println("......输出...."+age);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Supplier<ThreadTest5> aNew = ThreadTest5::new;
        aNew.get();
        /**
         * ......输出....0
         */
    }
}