Python基本数据类型

int 数值
str 字符串
bool 布尔值
list 列表
tuple 元组
dict 字典

\t 是Tab键
1、整数，int
a.
n1 = 123
n2 = 456
print(n1 + n2)
print(n1.add(n2))

b.
获取可表示的二进制最短位数

n1 = 4 # 00000100
ret = n1.bit_length()
print(ret)

2、字符串
join 连接

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = ["abc","def","ghi","jkl"]
ret = "-".join(a)
print(ret)

结果：abc-def-ghi-jkl
列表和元组都支持

len(s) 获取s变量字符长度

capitalize  首字母变大写

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "abcdefgh"
ret = a.capitalize()
print(ret)

结果：“Abcdefgh"

center 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "abcdefgh"
ret = a.center(20,"*")
print(ret)

结果：abcdefgh

count 子序列个数

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "abcdefgh"
ret = a.count("b")
print(ret)

结果：1

endswith 是否以 xxx 结束

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "abcdefgh"
ret = a.endswith("g")
ret1 = a.endswith("h")
print(ret)
print(ret1)

结果：False
True

expandtabs 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "abcdefgh\t hello"
b = "abcdefgh   hello"
ret = a.expandtabs()
ret1 = b.expandtabs()
print(ret)
print(ret1)

结果：abcdefgh hello
abcdefgh hello

find 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "abcdefgh   hello"
ret = a.find("h",0,9)
print(ret)

结果：7

format 字符串格式化，动态参数

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

a = "name:{0},age:{1}"
ret = a.format("your","20")
print(ret)

结果：name:your,age:20

for循环,continue,break 也适用

方法一：

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

s = "12345678900987654321"
for a in s:
   print(a)

方法二

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

s = "abcdefghijklggopqrstuvwxyz"
for a in s:
    if a =="g":
        continue
    print(a)

方法三：

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

s = "abcdefghijklggopqrstuvwxyz"
for a in s:
    if a =="g":
        break
    print(a)

###列表###
name_list = [“abc”,“efg”,“hjk”]
#索引
print(name_list[0])
#切片
print(name_list[0:2])
#len
print(name_list[2:len(name_list)])
#For
a = [“abc”,“def”,“dess”]
for i in a:
print(a)

###列表内部提供的其他功能
# append 追加
	name_list.append("dir")
	name_list.append("dir")
	name_list.append("dir")
	print(name_list)
# count 元素统计出现次数
	print(name_list.count('dir'))
# iterable 可迭代的
	temp = ['22','33','44']
# 扩展，批量添加
	name_list.extend(temp)
	print(name_list)
# index 获取指定元素的索引位置
	print(name_list.index('dess'))
# insert向指定索引位置插入数据
	name_list.insert(2,'567')
	print(name_list)
# pop移除,在原列表中移除掉最后一个元素，并将值赋值给b
	b = name_list.pop()
	print(name_list)
	print(b)
# remove 移除某个元素
	name_list.remove('33')
	print(name_list)
# reverse 反转倒置
	name_list.reverse()
	print(name_list)
#删除指定索引位置
	del name_list[1:3]
	print(name_list)

######## 元组 #######

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8-*-#

####### 元组 #######
name_tuple= ("abc","dfg","efc")
### 索引 ###
print(name_tuple[1])
### len ###
print(name_tuple[len(name_tuple)-1])
### 切片 ###
print(name_tuple[0:2])
### for ###
for i in name_tuple:
    print(i)
### 删除 ###
del name_tuple[1] ##不支持
### count ###  计算元素出现个数
print(name_tuple.count('efc'))
### index ###   获取指定元素的索引位置
print(name_tuple.index('efc'))

#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding utf-8 -*-

#字典的每一个元素，键值对
user_info = {
    'name': 'guest',
    'age': 36,
    'home': 'ZJ'
}

# 索引
print(user_info['age'])

# 循环,默认值输出key
for i in user_info:
    print(i)
# 获取所有键
print(user_info.keys())
# 获取所有值
print(user_info.values())
#获取所有键值对
print(user_info.items())

for a,b in user_info.items():
    print(a)
    print(b)

# clear 清楚所有内容
# user_info.clear()
# print(user_info)

# get根据Key获取值，如果key不存在，可以指定一个默认值
val = user_info.get('age')
print(val)
val = user_info.get('age111','很抱歉找不到你要的')
print(val)

# has_key 检查字典中指定key是否存在(python 3中无)
ret = 'age' in user_info.keys()
print(ret)

# update
print(user_info)
gu = {
    "asd": 456,
    "rfv": 789
}
user_info.update(gu)
print(user_info)

# 删除指定索引的键值对
del gu['rfv']
print(gu)