@Autowired可用于属性,方法,构造函数之上
- 当注解于属性时,其首先根据属性的类型去匹配,如果匹配到多个相同类型的bean则根据属性名称去匹配,还可通过@Primary注解和@Qualifier等注解进行辅助匹配。
- 当注解于构造方法时,当没有构造方法或有多个构造方法时,spring默认采用无参构造方法进行初始化,如果没有无参构造方法且有多个不同且没有标注@Autowired的构造方法,则会抛出异常无法进行初始话。若指定了一个构造方法有@Autowired注解,则根据指定构造方法中的参数的类型去找,如果多个则根据名称匹配,找到最终匹配的则进行初始化。
- 当注解于方法时,根据方法中的参数类型去容器中查找对应的bean,如果匹配到多个则根据属性名称匹配,匹配成功会调用该方法。不同于@Resource注解,该注解时先根据类型匹配,然后根据方法如setXXX中的XXX用名称去匹配,最后根据属性名称去匹配,匹配成功则进行方法的调用。
源码解析:
- 进行注入点的查找并存入属性injectionMetadataCache的Map中。
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean方法中的applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName)方法通过调用实现了MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor接口的org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法,如下
public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanType, String beanName) {
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
}
进行注入点的查找,并存入injectionMetadataCache的Map中,该map的value为InjectionMetadata类型,包含了注入的元数据信息。
private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
if (metadata != null) {
metadata.clear(pvs);
}
metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
}
}
}
return metadata;
}
buildAutowiringMetadata方法如下,其中有一个 do...while targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass(); 的操作会将父类标注了@Autowired和@Value的属性或者方法进行属性填充。 因此父类可以不用@Component等注解就可进行属性填充。
private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
}
List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
do {
final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
if (ann != null) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
}
return;
}
boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
}
});
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
return;
}
MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
}
return;
}
if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
method);
}
}
boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
}
});
elements.addAll(0, currElements);
targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
}
while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}
public static void doWithLocalFields(Class<?> clazz, FieldCallback fc) {
for (Field field : getDeclaredFields(clazz)) {
try {
fc.doWith(field);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Not allowed to access field '" + field.getName() + "': " + ex);
}
}
}
与@Autowired和@Value进行匹配查找的方法如下:
private MergedAnnotation<?> findAutowiredAnnotation(AccessibleObject ao) {
MergedAnnotations annotations = MergedAnnotations.from(ao);
for (Class<? extends Annotation> type : this.autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
MergedAnnotation<?> annotation = annotations.get(type);
if (annotation.isPresent()) {
return annotation;
}
}
return null;
}
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes值的初始话在构造方法中进行,如下:
public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
try {
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)
ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));
logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
}
}
- 进行属性的属性填充
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean
该方法会遍历InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor类型的bean,并调用该接口实现类的postProcessPropertyValues方法,
@Autowired注解对应的实现类方法为AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties
@Resource注解对应的实现类为org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties。类图如下:
postProcessProperties代码如下
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
try {
metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
}
return pvs;
}
public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
(checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
}
element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
}
}
}
如果注入点的类型是属性则会调用AutowiredFieldElement内部类的inject方法。
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredFieldElement#inject方法,代码如下
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
Object value;
if (this.cached) {
value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
}
else {
DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
try {
//获取注入属性的值
value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
}
synchronized (this) {
if (!this.cached) {
if (value != null || this.required) {
this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
}
}
}
else {
this.cachedFieldValue = null;
}
this.cached = true;
}
}
}
if (value != null) {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(bean, value);
}
}
}
@Value注解可用表达式,如“${”开头的占位符表达式,和“#{”开头的EL表达式。
(1)@Value("${}"):可以获取对应属性文件中定义的属性值。
(2)@Value("#{}"):表示 SpEl 表达式通常用来获取 bean 的属性,或者调用 bean 的某个方法。org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#resolveDependency方法如下
public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,
@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());
if (Optional.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||
ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return new Jsr330Factory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else {
Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
descriptor, requestingBeanName);
if (result == null) {
result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
return result;
}
}
public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
InjectionPoint previousInjectionPoint = ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(descriptor);
try {
Object shortcut = descriptor.resolveShortcut(this);
if (shortcut != null) {
return shortcut;
}
Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
//对@Value注解做特殊的处理
Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);
if (value != null) {
if (value instanceof String) {
String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);
BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ?
getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);
value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);
}
TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
try {
return converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getTypeDescriptor());
}
catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
// A custom TypeConverter which does not support TypeDescriptor resolution...
return (descriptor.getField() != null ?
converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :
converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
}
}
//如果属性的类型是集合类型
Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
if (multipleBeans != null) {
return multipleBeans;
}
//查找匹配的候选的注入结果值
Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
}
return null;
}
String autowiredBeanName;
Object instanceCandidate;
if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
//如果存在多个匹配的值,则信息主类 优先级 名称的匹配
autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);
}
else {
// In case of an optional Collection/Map, silently ignore a non-unique case:
// possibly it was meant to be an empty collection of multiple regular beans
// (before 4.3 in particular when we didn't even look for collection beans).
return null;
}
}
instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
}
else {
// We have exactly one match.
Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();
instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();
}
if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
autowiredBeanNames.add(autowiredBeanName);
}
if (instanceCandidate instanceof Class) {
instanceCandidate = descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this);
}
Object result = instanceCandidate;
if (result instanceof NullBean) {
if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
}
result = null;
}
if (!ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(type, result)) {
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(autowiredBeanName, type, instanceCandidate.getClass());
}
return result;
}
finally {
ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(previousInjectionPoint);
}
}
Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);对@Value注解做特殊的处理。
Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);如果对集合属性的属性注入的处理。
Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);获取候选的匹配的Bean.
如果有多个匹配的bean则进行determineAutowireCandidate方法获取最终匹配的bean
protected String determineAutowireCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
Class<?> requiredType = descriptor.getDependencyType();
String primaryCandidate = determinePrimaryCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
if (primaryCandidate != null) {
return primaryCandidate;
}
String priorityCandidate = determineHighestPriorityCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
if (priorityCandidate != null) {
return priorityCandidate;
}
// Fallback
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
String candidateName = entry.getKey();
Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
if ((beanInstance != null && this.resolvableDependencies.containsValue(beanInstance)) ||
matchesBeanName(candidateName, descriptor.getDependencyName())) {
return candidateName;
}
}
return null;
}
首先根据@Primary注解的主类bean进行匹配,没有则根据优先级@Priority进行匹配最终找到对应的结果进行属性填充
if (value != null) { ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field); field.set(bean, value); }