ListView使用技巧之ViewHolder模式提高效率

ViewHolder模式充分利用了ListView的视图缓存机制，避免了每次调用getView()方法的时候都需要通过findViewById()实例化控件，因此是提高ListView效率一个重要的方法。

实现效果图如下所示：

实际使用中也并不复杂，只需在自定义的Adapter中定义一个内部类ViewHolder，并将布局的控件作为内部成员变量，举例代码如下所示：

PicTxtLVAdapter

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class PicTxtLVAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

	private List<Map<String, Object>> mDatas;
	private LayoutInflater mInflater;
	
	public PicTxtLVAdapter(Context context, List<Map<String, Object>> datas) {
		this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
		this.mDatas = datas;
	}
	
	@Override
	public int getCount() {
		return mDatas.size();
	}

	@Override
	public Object getItem(int position) {
		return mDatas.get(position);
	}

	@Override
	public long getItemId(int position) {
		return position;
	}

	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		ViewHolder holder = null;
		if (convertView == null) {
			holder = new ViewHolder();
			convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_pic_txt, null);
			holder.mIvIc = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_picTxt_ic);
			holder.mTvTitle = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_picTxt_title);
			holder.mTvContent = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_picTxt_content);
			convertView.setTag(holder);
		} else { // 通过tag找到缓存的布局
			holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
		}
		holder.mIvIc.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) mDatas.get(position).get("icon"));
		holder.mTvTitle.setText((CharSequence) mDatas.get(position).get("title"));
		holder.mTvContent.setText((CharSequence) mDatas.get(position).get("content"));
		return convertView;
	}
	
	public final class ViewHolder {
		public ImageView mIvIc;
		public TextView mTvTitle;
		public TextView mTvContent;
	}

}

核心部分就是ViewHolder内部类和getView()方法，这种模式便可使得我们ListView效率大大提高，因此强烈建议使用。最后贴上其他代码如下所示：

item_pic_txt.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:padding="6dp" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv_picTxt_ic"
        android:layout_width="48dp"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_marginLeft="6dp"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_picTxt_title"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="16sp"
            android:textStyle="bold"
            android:text="TextView" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_picTxt_content"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="16sp"
            android:text="TextView" />

    </LinearLayout>
    
</LinearLayout>

activity_pic_txt.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_picTxt_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
    </ListView>

</RelativeLayout>

PicTxtLVAdapter

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class PicTxtActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView mLv;
	private List<Map<String, Object>> mDatas;
	private PicTxtLVAdapter mAdapter;
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_pic_txt);
		
		mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_picTxt_content);
		
		initData();
		mAdapter = new PicTxtLVAdapter(this, mDatas);
		mLv.setAdapter(mAdapter);
	}

	private void initData() {
		mDatas = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
		Map<String, Object> map1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map1.put("icon", BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_item1));
		map1.put("title", "Itme1");
		map1.put("content", "This is a Item1");
		mDatas.add(map1);
		Map<String, Object> map2 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map2.put("icon", BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_item2));
		map2.put("title", "Itme2");
		map2.put("content", "This is a Item2");
		mDatas.add(map2);
		Map<String, Object> map3 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map3.put("icon", BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_item3));
		map3.put("title", "Itme3");
		map3.put("content", "This is a Item3");
		mDatas.add(map3);
		Map<String, Object> map4 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map4.put("icon", BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_item4));
		map4.put("title", "Itme4");
		map4.put("content", "This is a Item4");
		mDatas.add(map4);
		Map<String, Object> map5 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		map5.put("icon", BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_item5));
		map5.put("title", "Itme5");
		map5.put("content", "This is a Item5");
		mDatas.add(map5);
	}
}