Programming in Lua, 2Nd Edition - Chapter 10: Complete Examples

最新推荐文章于 2017-07-30 20:16:00 发布

蓝色歌谣

最新推荐文章于 2017-07-30 20:16:00 发布

阅读量297

点赞数

分类专栏： lua 文章标签： lua function list insert algorithm random

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/HowdyHappy/article/details/5972261

版权

lua 专栏收录该内容

28 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

Chapter 10: Complete Examples

最后，我们以两个展示Lua 的不同特性的完整示例程序来结束关于语言的介绍。第一个示例展示了将Lua 作为一种数据描述语言来使用。第二个例子是一个马尔可夫链的实现，由Kernighan & Pike 的《Practice of Programming》 (Addison-Wesley, 1999) 一书描述。

10.1 Data Description

生成HTML

--[=[

db.lua

entry{

title = "Tecgraf",

org = "Computer Graphics Technology Group, PUC-Rio",

url = "http://www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/",

contact = "Waldemar Celes",

description = [[

Tecgraf is the result of a partnership between PUC-Rio,

the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro,

and <a HREF="http://www.petrobras.com.br/">PETROBRAS</a>,

the Brazilian Oil Company.

Tecgraf is Lua's birthplace,

and the language has been used there since 1993.

Currently, more than thirty programmers in Tecgraf use

Lua regularly; they have written more than two hundred

thousand lines of code, distributed among dozens of

final products.]]

}

--]=]

function fwrite (fmt, ...)

return io.write(string.format(fmt, ...))

end

function writeheader()

io.write([[

<html>

<head><title>Projects using Lua</title></head>

Here are brief descriptions of some projects around the

world that use <a href="home.html">Lua</a>.

<br>

]])

end

function entry1 (o)

count = count + 1

local title = o.title or '(no title)'

fwrite('<li><a href="#%d">%s</a>/n', count, title)

end

function writetail ()

fwrite('</body></html>/n')

end

function entry2 (o)

count = count + 1

fwrite('<hr>/n<h3>/n')

local href = o.url and string.format(' href="%s"', o.url) or ''

local title = o.title or o.org or 'org'

fwrite('<a name="%d"%s>%s</a>/n', count, href, title)

if o.title and o.org then

fwrite('<br>/n<small><em>%s</em></small>', o.org)

end

fwrite('/n</h3>/n')

if o.description then

fwrite('%s<p>/n',

string.gsub(o.description, '/n/n+', '<p>/n'))

end

if o.email then

fwrite('Contact: <a href="mailto:%s">%s</a>/n',

o.email, o.contact or o.email)

elseif o.contact then

fwrite('Contact: %s/n', o.contact)

end

local inputfile = 'db.lua'

writeheader()

count = 0

f = loadfile(inputfile) -- loads data file

entry = entry1 -- defines 'entry'

fwrite('<ul>/n')

f() -- runs data file

fwrite('</ul>/n')

count = 0

entry = entry2 -- redefines 'entry'

f() -- runs data file again

writetail()

10.2 Markov Chain Algorithm

我们的第二个例子是马尔可夫链算法的实现。程序生成随机文本，规则是基于原文中什么单词跟在n 个连续的单词后面。这个例子我们假定n 的值是2。

程序的第一部分读取原文，然后基于这个文本创建一个表，对每个两单词前缀，给定一个单词的列表，它们是跟在前缀后面的单词。建完表后，程序使用这个表来生成随机文本，每个单词跟在两个前缀单词后面，并且它们在文本中等概率出现。结果是，我们得到非常，但不完全随机的文本。

我们将前缀编码为两个单词中间连接一个空格：

function prefix (w1, w2)

return w1 .. " " .. w2

end

我们使用NOWORD (“/n”) 作为初始前缀，并且也用它来标记文本的结束（生成的文本最后一个单词是“/n”），例如下面的文本：

the more we try the more we do

对其建表得到：

{ ["/n /n"] = {"the"},

["/n the"] = {"more"},

["the more"] = {"we", "we"},

["more we"] = {"try", "do"},

["we try"] = {"the"},

["try the"] = {"more"},

["we do"] = {"/n"},

}

因为原文中的"the" 没有前缀，所以用"/n /n" 作为初始前缀。这一项后面["try the"] = {"more"}

为什么不是["the more "] = {"we"} ？因为前缀"the more " 前面已经出现过了。同理，"more we" 也出现过了，所以下一项直接是"we do"，后面已经没有文本，所以后面接"/n" 作为结束。

程序用变量statetab 来保存前缀表。在前缀表中插入新单词，我们使用下面的函数：

function insert (index, value)

local list = statetab[index]

if list == nil then

statetab[index] = {value}

else

list[#list + 1] = value

end

马尔可夫链算法

function allwords (f)

local line = f:read("*line") -- current line

local pos = 1 -- current position in the line

return function ()

while line do

local s, e = string.find(line, "%w+", pos)

if s then -- found a word?

pos = e + 1

return string.sub(line, s, e)

else

line = f:read("*line")

pos = 1

end

return nil

end

function prefix (w1, w2)

return w1 .. " " .. w2

end

local statetab = {}

function insert (index, value)

local list = statetab[index]

if list == nil then

statetab[index] = {value}

else

list[#list + 1] = value

end

f = io.open("c://input.txt","r") -- open input file

assert(f)

local N = 2

local MAXGEN = 10000

local NOWORD = "/n"

-- build table

local w1, w2 = NOWORD, NOWORD

for w in allwords(f) do

insert(prefix(w1, w2), w)

w1 = w2; w2 = w;

end

insert(prefix(w1, w2), NOWORD)

-- generate text

w1 = NOWORD; w2 = NOWORD -- reinitialize

for i=1, MAXGEN do

local list = statetab[prefix(w1, w2)]

-- choose a random item from list

local r = math.random(#list) -- Bug，这里的随机数是不随机的。

local nextword = list[r]

if nextword == NOWORD then return end

io.write(nextword, " ")

w1 = w2; w2 = nextword

end

f:close()