深度解析InheritableThreadLocal

传统的ThreadLocal无法在子线程中传递数据，然而在实际业务中有些特殊场景需要再父子线程间实现数据的传递，对此就可以使用InheritableThreadLocal来实现。

简单使用

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InheritableThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal<>();
        threadLocal.set("Hello, world!");

        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            String message = threadLocal.get();
            System.out.println(message); // 输出 "Hello, world!"
        });

        thread.start();
    }
}

原理解析

InheritableThreadLocal继承了ThreadLocal类，当我们在初始化InheritableThreadLocal的时候调用set方法设置数据，其实调用的是ThreadLocal类的set的方法，getMap(t)等于null，调用InheritableThreadLocal的creactMap方法给线程的inheritableThreadLocals进行赋值，然后在创建子线程的时候调用Thread类的init方法，该方法类获取父线程的inheritableThreadLocals不为空后给当前子线程的inheritableThreadLocals赋值父线程的数据，从而实现父子线程的数据传递。

public class ThreadLocal<T> {
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            map.set(this, value);
        } else {
            createMap(t, value);
        }
    }
}
public class InheritableThreadLocal<T> extends ThreadLocal<T> {
    protected T childValue(T parentValue) {
        return parentValue;
    }

    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
       return t.inheritableThreadLocals;
    }

    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }
}

public class Thread implements Runnable {
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
    // 创建线程时调用线程的无参构造函数
    public Thread() {
        init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
    }
    
    private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name, long stackSize) {
        init(g, target, name, stackSize, null, true);
    }
    
    private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
                  long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc,
                  boolean inheritThreadLocals) {
        if (name == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
        }
    
        this.name = name;
    
        Thread parent = currentThread();
        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (g == null) {
            if (security != null) {
                g = security.getThreadGroup();
            }
            if (g == null) {
                g = parent.getThreadGroup();
            }
        }
        g.checkAccess();
    
        if (security != null) {
            if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
                security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
            }
        }
    
        g.addUnstarted();
    
        this.group = g;
        this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
        this.priority = parent.getPriority();
        if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
            this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
        else
            this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
        this.inheritedAccessControlContext =
                acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();
        this.target = target;
        setPriority(priority);
        if (inheritThreadLocals && parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
            this.inheritableThreadLocals =
                ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
        this.stackSize = stackSize;
    
        tid = nextThreadID();
    }
}