数据结构 前缀与积分图 304. Range Sum Query 2D - Immutable (Medium)

思路和一维差不多，二维就是右下代表的总面积减去左边面积减去上边面积，加上多减去的重叠面积。

class NumMatrix {
    vector<vector<int>> presum;
public:
    NumMatrix(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
        int m = matrix[0].size();
        int n = matrix.size();
        vector<vector<int>> psum(n+1, vector<int>(m+1, 0));
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            int linesum = 0;
            for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
                linesum += matrix[i][j];
                psum[i+1][j+1] = psum[i][j+1] + linesum;
            }
        }
        presum = psum;
    }
    
    int sumRegion(int row1, int col1, int row2, int col2) {
        return presum[row2+1][col2+1] - presum[row2+1][col1] - presum[row1][col2+1] + presum[row1][col1];
    }
};

/**
 * Your NumMatrix object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * NumMatrix* obj = new NumMatrix(matrix);
 * int param_1 = obj->sumRegion(row1,col1,row2,col2);
 */