今天,简单讲讲android如何调用系统的文件管理器获取目录下的文件资源。
这个其实也很简单,之前做一个功能时需要用到,所以在网上查找了资料,这里记录一下。
Android区别于iOS的沙盒模式,可以通过文件浏览器浏览本地的存储器。Android API也提供了相应的接口。
基本思路,先通过Android API调用系统自带的文件浏览器选取文件获得URI,然后将URI转换成file,从而得到file。
调用系统自带的文件浏览器
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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
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@Override
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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
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Button btn= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
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btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
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@Override
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public void onClick(View v) {
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Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
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intent.setType("*/*");//设置类型,我这里是任意类型,任意后缀的可以这样写。
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intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
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startActivityForResult(intent,1);
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}
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});
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}
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}
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intent.setType(“image/*”);
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//intent.setType(“audio/*”); //选择音频
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//intent.setType(“video/*”); //选择视频 (mp4 3gp 是android支持的视频格式)
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//intent.setType(“video/*;image/*”);//同时选择视频和图片
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@Override
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protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
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if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {//是否选择,没选择就不会继续
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Uri uri = data.getData();//得到uri,后面就是将uri转化成file的过程。
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String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
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Cursor actualimagecursor = managedQuery(uri, proj, null, null, null);
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int actual_image_column_index = actualimagecursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
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actualimagecursor.moveToFirst();
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String img_path = actualimagecursor.getString(actual_image_column_index);
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File file = new File(img_path);
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Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, file.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
onActivityResult函数响应了选择文件的操作。
Cursor actualimagecursor = managedQuery(uri, proj, null, null, null);
mangedQuery过时用这个代替:
Cursor actualimagecursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,proj,null,null,null);
简单讲讲,其实调用文件管理器就是使用intent跳转,设置intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);就可以,还可以设置查找文件的类型,通过intent.setType("*/*")。然后在文件管理器里选择文件后,回到app的activity时,会回调onActivityResult,通过data.getData();得到文件的uri,然后获取文件的url,就可以获取文件了。具体代码上面很详细。
接下来举一个例子:
一、实现效果预览
以下为三星S6的样机测试效果,当然不同手机调用后的效果不一样。
二、代码实现
布局文件很简单,就一个Button和TextView,这里不示范了,直接上实现代码:
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package com.panhouye.selectfile;
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import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
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import android.app.Activity;
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import android.content.ContentUris;
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import android.content.Context;
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import android.content.Intent;
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import android.database.Cursor;
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import android.net.Uri;
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import android.os.Build;
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import android.os.Bundle;
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import android.os.Environment;
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import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
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import android.provider.MediaStore;
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import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
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import android.view.View;
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import android.widget.Button;
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import android.widget.TextView;
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import android.widget.Toast;
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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
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TextView tv;
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@Override
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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
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Button btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
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tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
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btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
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@Override
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public void onClick(View v) {
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Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
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//intent.setType(“image/*”);//选择图片
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//intent.setType(“audio/*”); //选择音频
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//intent.setType(“video/*”); //选择视频 (mp4 3gp 是android支持的视频格式)
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//intent.setType(“video/*;image/*”);//同时选择视频和图片
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intent.setType("*/*");//无类型限制
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intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
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startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
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}
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});
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}
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String path;
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@Override
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protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
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if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
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Uri uri = data.getData();
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if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){//使用第三方应用打开
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path = uri.getPath();
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tv.setText(path);
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Toast.makeText(this,path+"11111",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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return;
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}
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if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {//4.4以后
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path = getPath(this, uri);
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tv.setText(path);
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Toast.makeText(this,path,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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} else {//4.4以下下系统调用方法
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path = getRealPathFromURI(uri);
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tv.setText(path);
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Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, path+"222222", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
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}
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public String getRealPathFromURI(Uri contentUri) {
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String res = null;
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String[] proj = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA };
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Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contentUri, proj, null, null, null);
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if(null!=cursor&&cursor.moveToFirst()){;
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int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
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res = cursor.getString(column_index);
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cursor.close();
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}
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return res;
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}
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/**
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* 专为Android4.4设计的从Uri获取文件绝对路径,以前的方法已不好使
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*/
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@SuppressLint("NewApi")
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public String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
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final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
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// DocumentProvider
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if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
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// ExternalStorageProvider
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if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
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final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
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final String[] split = docId.split(":");
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final String type = split[0];
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if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
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return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
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}
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}
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// DownloadsProvider
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else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
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final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
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final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
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Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
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return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
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}
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// MediaProvider
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else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
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final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
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final String[] split = docId.split(":");
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final String type = split[0];
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Uri contentUri = null;
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if ("image".equals(type)) {
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contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
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} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
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contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
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} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
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contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
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}
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final String selection = "_id=?";
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final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
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return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
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}
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}
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// MediaStore (and general)
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else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
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return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
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}
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// File
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else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
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return uri.getPath();
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}
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return null;
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}
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/**
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* Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
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* MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
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*
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* @param context The context.
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* @param uri The Uri to query.
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* @param selection (Optional) Filter used in the query.
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* @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
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* @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
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*/
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public String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
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String[] selectionArgs) {
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Cursor cursor = null;
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final String column = "_data";
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final String[] projection = {column};
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try {
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cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
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null);
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if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
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final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
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return cursor.getString(column_index);
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}
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} finally {
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if (cursor != null)
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cursor.close();
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}
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return null;
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}
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/**
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* @param uri The Uri to check.
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* @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
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*/
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public boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
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return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
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}
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/**
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* @param uri The Uri to check.
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* @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
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*/
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public boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
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return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
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}
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/**
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* @param uri The Uri to check.
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* @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
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*/
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public boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
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return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
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}
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}
简单讲讲,这个其实也是使用intent调用文件管理器,然后在onActivityResult获取文件的Uri,然后获取文件的url,对于android 4.4之前和之后的版本做了不同处理,具体的大家可以看代码,对于4.4之前的很简单,4.4之后的我也没有看懂,代码有些复杂。其实还有一种很简单的通过Uri获取url的函数:
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protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
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if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
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if (requestCode == 1) {
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Uri uri = data.getData();
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Toast.makeText(this, "文件路径:"+uri.getPath().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
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}
这个直接通过uri.getPath().toString(),获取到文件的url,我没有试过,不知道可不可以,大家可以试一下,或者在网上查找资料。
android 调用系统文件管理器就讲完了。
就这么简单。