20：表示数值的字符串（剑指offer第2版Python）

1、题目描述

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/biao-shi-shu-zhi-de-zi-fu-chuan-lcof/solution/onpythonjie-ti-wu-fa-luo-ji-pan-duan-regexdfadeng-/

请实现一个函数用来判断字符串是否表示数值（包括整数和小数）。例如，字符串"+100","5e2","-123","3.1416"和"-1E-16"都表示数值。 但是"12e","1a3.14","1.2.3","+-5"和"12e+4.3"都不是。

2、代码详解

力扣通过版

用3个标志位met_dot, met_e, met_digit来分别标记是否遇到了“.”,“e/E”和任何0-9的数字。

class Solution(object):
    def isNumber(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
        s = s.strip()
        met_dot = met_e = met_digit = False
        for i, char in enumerate(s):
            if char in ('+', '-'):
                if i > 0 and s[i-1] != 'e' and s[i-1] != 'E':
                    return False
            elif char == '.':
                if met_dot or met_e: 
                    return False
                met_dot = True
            elif char == 'e' or char == 'E':
                if met_e or not met_digit:
                    return False
                met_e, met_digit = True, False # e后必须接，所以这时重置met_digit为False,以免e为最后一个char
            elif char.isdigit():
                met_digit = True
            else:
                return False
        return met_digit

牛客能通过但力扣不行

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution:
    # s字符串
    def isNumeric(self, s):
        if s == None or len(s) <= 0:
            return False
        # 将字符依次遍历，并转小写
        word = [w.lower() for w in s]  # 如['5', 'e', '2']形式
        # 如果包含'e'
        if 'e' in word:
            # 根据e的位置，将其切割成两部分
            indexE = word.index('e')
            front = word[:indexE]
            behind = word[indexE+1:]
            # 指数部分不合法的情况
            if '.' in behind or len(behind) == 0:
                return False
            isFront = self.scanDigit(front)
            isBehind = self.scanDigit(behind)
            return isFront and isBehind
        # 如果不包含'e'
        else:
            isNumber = self.scanDigit(word)
            return isNumber

    def scanDigit(self, word):
        dotNum = 0  # '.'出现次数
        vocabulary = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '-', '.', 'e'] # 数值字符串元素“词表”
        for i in range(len(word)):
            if word[i] not in vocabulary:
                return False
            if word[i] == '.':
                dotNum += 1
            # '+-'必须出现在首位，isNumber函数以'e'分割的妙处凸显
            if word[i] in '+-' and i != 0:
                return False
        if dotNum > 1:  # 出现多个小数点
            return False
        return True


s = Solution()
print(s.isNumeric('5e2'))
print(s.isNumeric('12e'))
print(s.isNumeric('1.2.3'))
print(s.isNumeric('+-5'))
print(s.isNumeric('12e+5.4'))