一,wait
是object类的方法,并不是线程的方法,使用此方法会使当前线程进入阻塞状态,过程中线程会释放cpu资源和锁资源,进入等待池,可以通过notify或者notifyall将线程唤醒,是线程重新进入就绪状态,在wait,notify和notifyall方法使用过程中一定要注意在同步方法或同步代码块中使用,因为在同步中才会获得锁,才能释放锁,java API强制规定,否则将报出java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException异常。
二,sleep
sleep使Thread的方法,使强制使线程进入睡眠状态Thread.sleep(time)。在此过程中该线程只会释放掉cpu资源并不会释放锁资源,也就意味着目前对象实例的抢占到刚释放的cpu资源的线程不能获得同步资源锁,但是可以去抢占没有被占用的同步资源锁。当线程睡眠时间结束后进入可就绪状态。
三,join
join方法的源代码
/**
* Waits for this thread to die.
*
* <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
* way as the invocation
*
* <blockquote>
* {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
* </blockquote>
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0); //join()等同于join(0)
}
/**
* Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
* die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
*
* <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
* conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
* {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
* applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
* {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
*
* @param millis
* the time to wait in milliseconds
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the value of {@code millis} is negative
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0); //join(0)等同于wait(0),即wait无限时间直到被notify
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
可以看出join是一个同步方法,当主线程调用t的jion方法时会先去获得t的锁,然后主线程调用wait方法进入等待池,直到t线程运行结束main线程被唤醒才能继续执行。
四,yield
线程让步,是将该线程,让出cpu资源进入可执行状态,然后与同优先级的线程再一并竞争抢占资源,也就是说并不意味着该线程一定会处于可执行状态,当其再一次抢到资源,会立即又转变成执行状态。