92. Reverse Linked List II

题目描述

Reverse a linked list from position m to n. Do it in one-pass.

Note: 1 ≤ m ≤ n ≤ length of list.

Example:

Input: 1->2->3->4->5->NULL, m = 2, n = 4
Output: 1->4->3->2->5->NULL

方法思路

Approach 1: Recursion

class Solution {

    // Object level variables since we need the changes
    // to persist across recursive calls and Java is pass by value.
    private boolean stop;
    private ListNode left;

    public void recurseAndReverse(ListNode right, int m, int n) {

        // base case. Don't proceed any further
        if (n == 1) {
            return;
        }

        // Keep moving the right pointer one step forward until (n == 1)
        right = right.next;

        // Keep moving left pointer to the right until we reach the proper node
        // from where the reversal is to start.
        if (m > 1) {
            this.left = this.left.next;
        }

        // Recurse with m and n reduced.
        this.recurseAndReverse(right, m - 1, n - 1);

        // In case both the pointers cross each other or become equal, we
        // stop i.e. don't swap data any further. We are done reversing at this
        // point.
        if (this.left == right || right.next == this.left) {
            this.stop = true;            
        }

        // Until the boolean stop is false, swap data between the two pointers
        if (!this.stop) {
            int t = this.left.val;
            this.left.val = right.val;
            right.val = t;

            // Move left one step to the right.
            // The right pointer moves one step back via backtracking.
            this.left = this.left.next;
        }
    }

    public ListNode reverseBetween(ListNode head, int m, int n) {
        this.left = head;
        this.stop = false;
        this.recurseAndReverse(head, m, n);
        return head;
    }
}

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: O(N) since we process all the nodes at-most twice.
 	Once during the normal recursion process and once during the backtracking process.
    During the backtracking process we only just swap half of the list if you think about it,
    but the overall complexity is O(N).
Space Complexity: O(N) in the worst case when we have to reverse the entire list. 
	This is the space occupied by the recursion stack.

Approach 2: Iterative Link Reversal.

class Solution {
    public ListNode reverseBetween(ListNode head, int m, int n) {

        // Empty list
        if (head == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // Move the two pointers until they reach the proper starting point
        // in the list.
        ListNode cur = head, prev = null;
        while (m > 1) {
            prev = cur;
            cur = cur.next;
            m--;
            n--;
        }

        // The two pointers that will fix the final connections.
        ListNode con = prev, tail = cur;

        // Iteratively reverse the nodes until n becomes 0.
        ListNode third = null;
        while (n > 0) {
            third = cur.next;
            cur.next = prev;
            prev = cur;
            cur = third;
            n--;
        }

        // Adjust the final connections as explained in the algorithm
        if (con != null) {
            con.next = prev;
        } else {
            head = prev;
        }

        tail.next = cur;
        return head;
    }
}

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: O(N) considering the list consists of N nodes. 
	We process each of the nodes at most once 
	we don't process the nodes after the nth node from the beginning.
Space Complexity: O(1)since we simply adjust some pointers in the original linked list 
    and only use O(1) additional memory for achieving the final result.