Spring核心概念
1.Spring IoC
控制翻转(Inversion of Control,IoC),也称为依赖注入(Dependency Injection,DI),是面向对象编程中的一种设计理念,用来降低程序代码之间的耦合度
/**
*用户DAO实现类。实现对User类的持久化操作
*/
public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper {
@Override
public void save(User user) {
System.out.println("保存用户信息到数据库");
}
}
/**
*用户业务类,实现对User功能的业务管理
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
//实例化业务类,实现对User功能的业务管理
private UserDao dao = new UserDaoImpl();
public void addNewUser(User user){
//调用UserDao的方法保存用户信息
dao.save(user);
}
}
如何使用依赖注入
public interface Ink {
public String getColor(int r, int g, int b);
}
public interface Paper {
public static final String newline="\r\n";
public void putInChar(char c);
public String getContent();
}
public class Printer {
private Ink ink=null;
private Paper paper=null;
public void setInk(Ink ink){
this.ink=ink;
}
public void setPaper(Paper paper){
this.paper=paper;
}
public void print(String str){
System.out.println("使用"+ink.getColor(255,200,0)+"颜色打印:\n");
for (int i = 0; i <str.length() ; i++) {
paper.putInChar(str.charAt(i));
}
System.out.println(paper.getContent());
}
}
2.Spring AOP
面向切面编程(Aspect Oriented Programming, AOP)是软件编程思想发展到一定阶段的产物,是面向对象编程(Object Oriented Programming, OOP)有益补充
2.1使用Spring AOP实现日志输出
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao dao= UserDaoFactory.getInstance();
@Override
public void addNewUser(User user) {
dao.sava(user);
}
@Override
public void save(User user) {
}
public void setDao(UserDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
private UserDao dao1;
}
/**
*定义包含增方法JavaBean
*/
public class UserServiceLogger {
private static final Logger logger= (Logger) Logger.getLogger(String.valueOf(UserServiceLogger.class));
public void before(JoinPoint jp){
logger.info("调用"+jp.getTarget()+"的"+jp.getSignature().getName()+"方法,方法入参:"+Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
}
public void after(JoinPoint jp, Object result){
logger.info("调用"+jp.getTarget()+"的"+jp.getSignature().getName()+"方法,方法返回值:"+result);
}
}
Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="dao" class="mapper.DaoImpl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="service" class="service.serviceimpl.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="dao" ref="dao"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="theLogger" class="service.UserServiceLogger"></bean>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut"expression="execution(public void addNewUser(pojo.User)pojo.User"/>
<aop:bofore method="bofore" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:bofore>
<aop:after-returning method="after-returning" pointcut-ref="pointcut" returning="result"></aop:after-returning>
</aop:config>
</beans>
Ioc和AOP使用扩展
3.多种方式实现依赖注入
3.1 构造注入
/**
*用户业务类,实现对User功能的业务管理
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
//声明接口类型的引用和具体实现类解耦合
private UserDao dao;
//无参构造
public UserServiceImpl(){
}
//用于为dao属性赋值的构造方法
public UserServiceImpl(UserDao dao){
this.dao=dao;
}
public void addNewUser(User user){
//调用用户DAO的方法保存用户信息
dao.save(user);
}
}
Spring配置文件中将DAO对象构造注入的方式赋值给业务类对象相关属性的关键代码