表删除时 Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails 异常处理



有两张表，结构如下：

Java代码 

t_item：
id	int
name	varchar

 

t_bid
id	int
name	varchar
item_id	int

 t_item：                          t_bid：  
 id        int                     id        int       
 name    varchar                   name      varchar
                                   item_id   int  

其中表t_item的主键id是表t_bid的item_id字段的外键。那么在这种情况下，如果删除表t_item中的记录，并且该记录中的id主键被t_bid中的item_id字段所引用，就会抛出如下异常：

Java代码   

1. ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test/t_bid`, CONSTRAINT `fk_id` FOREIGN KEY (`id`) REFERENCES `t_item  
2. ` (`id`))   

ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test/t_bid`, CONSTRAINT `fk_id` FOREIGN KEY (`id`) REFERENCES `t_item
` (`id`)) 

解决方法：级联删除，即在删除t_item表中的记录时同时删除t_bid表中的相关记录

(1) 增加外键约束时声明级联删除，即：

Java代码   

1. alter table t_bid add constraint fk_id foreign key(id) references   
2. key(id) on delete cascade；   

alter table t_bid add constraint fk_id foreign key(id) references 
key(id) on delete cascade； 

(2) 使用触发器：在删除t_item表中记录之前先删除与之相关的t_bid表中的记录。
     触发器代码（MySQL）：

Java代码   

1. delimiter //    
2. create trigger tri_delete before delete on t_item  
3. for each row  
4. begin  
5.      delete from t_bid where id = old.id;  
6. end //   

 delimiter //  
 create trigger tri_delete before delete on t_item
 for each row
 begin
      delete from t_bid where id = old.id;
 end // 

Hibernate中的解决方案：

这个问题在Hibernate中相对容易解决，只需设置cascade = “delete”即可。此时观察发出的sql语句：

Java代码   

1. Hibernate: select item0_.id as id0_0_, item0_.name as name0_0_ from t_item item0_ where item0_.id=?  
2. Hibernate: select bids0_.item_id as item3_1_, bids0_.id as id1_, bids0_.id as id1_0_, bids0_.price as price1_0_, bids0_.item_id as item3_1_0_ from t_bid bids0_ where bids0_.item_id=?  
3. Hibernate: update t_bid set item_id=null where item_id=?  
4. Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?  
5. Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?  
6. Hibernate: delete from t_item where id=?  

Hibernate: select item0_.id as id0_0_, item0_.name as name0_0_ from t_item item0_ where item0_.id=?
Hibernate: select bids0_.item_id as item3_1_, bids0_.id as id1_, bids0_.id as id1_0_, bids0_.price as price1_0_, bids0_.item_id as item3_1_0_ from t_bid bids0_ where bids0_.item_id=?
Hibernate: update t_bid set item_id=null where item_id=?
Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?
Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?
Hibernate: delete from t_item where id=?

发现在删除t_bid表中记录之前会先将它的item_id字段值设置为null，但如果我们在映射文件中设置item_id字段不能为null，即设置Bid.hbm.xml文件为：

Java代码   

1. <many-to-one name="item" column="item_id" class="po.Item" not-null="true"/>  

  <many-to-one name="item" column="item_id" class="po.Item" not-null="true"/>

注意不能在Item.hbm.xml文件中进行如下设置(即在key元素中指定not-null="true")：

Java代码   

1. <set name="bids" cascade="all">  
2.     <key column="item_id" not-null="true"/>   
3.     <one-to-many class="po.Bid"/>  
4. </set>   

<set name="bids" cascade="all">
	<key column="item_id" not-null="true"/> 
	<one-to-many class="po.Bid"/>
</set> 

这样会抛出"Repeated column in mapping for entity"异常 http://www.iteye.com/topic/786535

如果我们指定item_id字段值不能为null，那么在删除时会抛出如下异常：

Java代码   

1. org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update···  
2. Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Data truncation: Column set to default value; NULL supplied to NOT NULL column 'item_id' at row 1  
3. •••  

org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update···
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Data truncation: Column set to default value; NULL supplied to NOT NULL column 'item_id' at row 1
•••

此时的解决方法是设置inverse="true"，这在Hibernate文档中有相应的描述：

Java代码   

1. Very Important Note: If the <key> column of a <one-to-many> association is declared NOT NULL, Hibernate may cause constraint violations when it creates or updates the association. To prevent this problem, you must use a bidirectional association with the many valued end (the set or bag) marked as inverse="true".   

Very Important Note: If the <key> column of a <one-to-many> association is declared NOT NULL, Hibernate may cause constraint violations when it creates or updates the association. To prevent this problem, you must use a bidirectional association with the many valued end (the set or bag) marked as inverse="true". 

观察此时发出的sql语句：

Java代码   

1. Hibernate: select item0_.id as id1_0_, item0_.name as name1_0_ from t_item item0_ where item0_.id=?  
2. Hibernate: select bids0_.item_id as item3_1_, bids0_.id as id1_, bids0_.id as id0_0_, bids0_.amount as amount0_0_, bids0_.item_id as item3_0_0_ from t_bid bids0_ where bids0_.item_id=?  
3. Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?  
4. Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?  
5. Hibernate: delete from t_item where id=?  

Hibernate: select item0_.id as id1_0_, item0_.name as name1_0_ from t_item item0_ where item0_.id=?
Hibernate: select bids0_.item_id as item3_1_, bids0_.id as id1_, bids0_.id as id0_0_, bids0_.amount as amount0_0_, bids0_.item_id as item3_0_0_ from t_bid bids0_ where bids0_.item_id=?
Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?
Hibernate: delete from t_bid where id=?
Hibernate: delete from t_item where id=?

没有发出update语句。关于inverse="true"的理解： http://lijiejava.iteye.com/blog/776587