mysql优化 - show profiles

show profiles

一、show profile是什么？

show profile是MySQL提供可以用来分析当前会话中SQL语句执行的资源消耗情况。可以用于SQL的调优测量。默认情况下，参数处于关闭状态，并保存最近 15 次的运行结果。

二、查看show profile 是否打开。默认关闭。

-- show variables like 'profiling'; -- 查看show profile s是否打开。
-- set profiling = on 或者 set profiling = 1; -- 打开show profile

mysql> show variables like 'profiling';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| profiling     | OFF   |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set profiling =1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'profiling';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| profiling     | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三、运行sql

mysql> select * from film_text limit 10;
+---------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| film_id | title            | description                                                                                                           |
+---------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       1 | ACADEMY DINOSAUR | A Epic Drama of a Feminist And a Mad Scientist who must Battle a Teacher in The Canadian Rockies                      |
|       2 | ACE GOLDFINGER   | A Astounding Epistle of a Database Administrator And a Explorer who must Find a Car in Ancient China                  |
|       3 | ADAPTATION HOLES | A Astounding Reflection of a Lumberjack And a Car who must Sink a Lumberjack in A Baloon Factory                      |
|       4 | AFFAIR PREJUDICE | A Fanciful Documentary of a Frisbee And a Lumberjack who must Chase a Monkey in A Shark Tank                          |
|       5 | AFRICAN EGG      | A Fast-Paced Documentary of a Pastry Chef And a Dentist who must Pursue a Forensic Psychologist in The Gulf of Mexico |
|       6 | AGENT TRUMAN     | A Intrepid Panorama of a Robot And a Boy who must Escape a Sumo Wrestler in Ancient China                             |
|       7 | AIRPLANE SIERRA  | A Touching Saga of a Hunter And a Butler who must Discover a Butler in A Jet Boat                                     |
|       8 | AIRPORT POLLOCK  | A Epic Tale of a Moose And a Girl who must Confront a Monkey in Ancient India                                         |
|       9 | ALABAMA DEVIL    | A Thoughtful Panorama of a Database Administrator And a Mad Scientist who must Outgun a Mad Scientist in A Jet Boat   |
|      10 | ALADDIN CALENDAR | A Action-Packed Tale of a Man And a Lumberjack who must Reach a Feminist in Ancient China                             |
+---------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show profiles; -- 查看所有执行过的sql
+----------+------------+----------------------------------+
| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                            |
+----------+------------+----------------------------------+
|        1 | 0.00053525 | show variables like 'profiling'  |
|        2 | 0.00028875 | select * from film_text limit 10 |
+----------+------------+----------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

分析某条语句：
show profile type1,type2… for query Query_ID

mysql> show profile cpu,block io for query 2; 
-- 查询query_id为2的sql执行时的cpu和io资源情况
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status                         | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting                       | 0.000044 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| Waiting for query cache lock   | 0.000003 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| checking query cache for query | 0.000005 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| checking privileges on cached  | 0.000001 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| checking permissions           | 0.000006 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| sending cached result to clien | 0.000227 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| logging slow query             | 0.000002 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
| cleaning up                    | 0.000001 | 0.000000 |   0.000000 |         NULL |          NULL |
+--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

show profile返回结果字段含义

• Status ：sql 语句执行的状态
• Duration: sql 执行过程中每一个步骤的耗时
• CPU_user: 当前用户占有的 cpu
• CPU_system: 系统占有的 cpu
• Block_ops_in : I/O 输入
• Block_ops_out : I/O 输出

show profile type 选项

all：显示所有的性能开销信息

• block io：显示块 IO 相关的开销信息
• context switches: 上下文切换相关开销
• cpu：显示 CPU 相关的信息
• ipc：显示发送和接收相关的开销信息
• memory：显示内存相关的开销信息
• page faults：显示页面错误相关开销信息
• source：显示和 Source_function、Source_file、Source_line 相关的开销信息
• swaps：显示交换次数的相关信息

tatus出现以下情况的建议

• System lock
  确认是由于哪个锁引起的，通常是因为MySQL或InnoDB内核级的锁引起的。建议：如果耗时较大再关注即可，一般情况下都还好
• Sending data
  解释：从server端发送数据到客户端，也有可能是接收存储引擎层返回的数据，再发送给客户端，数据量很大时尤其经常能看见。备注：Sending Data不是网络发送，是从硬盘读取，发送到网络是Writing to net。建议：通过索引或加上LIMIT，减少需要扫描并且发送给客户端的数据量
• Sorting result
  正在对结果进行排序，类似Creating sort index，不过是正常表，而不是在内存表中进行排序。建议：创建适当的索引
• Table lock
  表级锁，没什么好说的，要么是因为MyISAM引擎表级锁，要么是其他情况显式锁表
• create sort index
  当前的SELECT中需要用到临时表在进行ORDER BY排序建议：创建适当的索引
• Creating tmp table
  创建临时表。先拷贝数据到临时表，用完后再删除临时表。消耗内存，数据来回拷贝删除，消耗时间，建议：优化索引
• converting HEAP to MyISAM
  查询结果太大，内存不够，数据往磁盘上搬了。建议：优化索引，可以调整max_heap_table_size
• Copying to tmp table on disk
  把内存中临时表复制到磁盘上，危险！！！建议：优化索引，可以调整tmp_table_size参数，增大内存临时表大小

后面三个（Creating tmp table、converting HEAP to MyISAM、Copying to tmp table on disk）必须要优化。