Docker 命令行
文章目录
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
容器生命周期管理 | |
| run | 创建一个新容器并运行 |
| start | 开启一个容器并使其在后台运行 |
| stop | 停止一个容器 |
| restart | 重启一个容器 |
| kill | 杀掉一个容器进程 |
| rm | 删除容器 |
| pause | 暂停容器 |
| unpause | 恢复暂停容器 |
| create | 从镜像中创建一个容器 |
| exec | 对一个容器执行shell命令 |
容器操作 | |
| ps | 列出容器 |
| inspect | 获取容器或镜像的元数据 |
| top | 查看正在运行中的容器进程信息 |
| attach | 链接正在运行的容器 |
| events | 从docker服务器获取事件 |
| logs | 获取docker日志 |
| wait | 让一个容器进入等待，使其进入阻塞状态 |
| export | 讲一个容器的文件系统打包至tar |
| port | 列出一个容器的端口映射情况 |
| container | 管理已经运行的容器的 |
| deploy | 部署新的堆栈或更新已有堆栈的 |
| update | 更新容器 |
| rename | 重命名容器 |
| volume | 卷管理 |
容器文件系统操作 | |
| commit | 提交一个容器的文件系统，使之生成一个新的镜像 |
| cp | 向一个正在运行的容器复制文件，或将容器中的文件复制出来 |
| diff | 检查一个容器文件系统更改情况 |
镜像仓库操作 | |
| login | docker登入 |
| logout | docker登出 |
| pull | 拉取镜像 |
| push | 推送镜像至服务器 |
| search | 在docker hub上查询镜像 |
镜像管理 | |
| images | 列出镜像 |
| rmi | 删除镜像 |
| tag | 修改本地某一镜像的标记，使其镜像属于某一仓库 |
| build | 通过指定Dockerfile文件编译镜像 |
| history | 查看镜像历史 |
| save | 将制定镜像保存成tar文件 |
| load | 从tar中恢复镜像 |
| import | 从tar中创建一个新镜像 |
| checkpoint | 设置checkpoint，类似于恢复点，可以让镜像撤销到曾经设置的某一个checkpoint上 |
| image | docker镜像管理 |
| manifest | docker镜像清单管理 |
| trust | docker可信镜像管理 |
集群管理 | |
| swarm | docker集群管理工具 |
| node | docker集群节点控制 |
| stack | docker集群堆栈管理 |
其他命令 | |
| info | 查询docker信息 |
| version | 查询docker版本 |
| system | docker系统管理 |
| stats | docker容器资源使用统计 |
| config | 管理docker配置 |
| network | docker网络管理 |
| plugin | docker插件管理 |
| secret | docker敏感信息管理 |
| service | docker服务管理 |
1.帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息。
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
2.镜像命令
docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search #搜索镜像
docker pull #下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi #删除镜像 docker image rm
docker images查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 4 months ago 13.3kB
mysql 5.7 b84d68d0a7db 6 days ago 448MB
# 解释
#REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
#TAG # 镜像的标签(版本) ---lastest 表示最新版本
#IMAGE ID # 镜像的id
#CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
#SIZE # 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker images -a #列出所有镜像详细信息
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker images -aq #列出所有镜像的id
d5f28a0bb0d0
f19c56ce92a8
1b6b1fe7261e
1b6b1fe7261e
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker search mysql
# --filter=STARS=3000 #过滤，搜索出来的镜像收藏STARS数量大于3000的
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL IS ... 9520 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB IS ... 3456 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像（https://hub.docker.com）
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker pull tomcat:8
8: Pulling from library/tomcat #如果不写tag，默认就是latest
90fe46dd8199: Already exists #分层下载： docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
35a4f1977689: Already exists
bbc37f14aded: Already exists
74e27dc593d4: Already exists
93a01fbfad7f: Already exists
1478df405869: Pull complete
64f0dd11682b: Pull complete
68ff4e050d11: Pull complete
f576086003cf: Pull complete
3b72593ce10e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0c6234e7ec9d10ab32c06423ab829b32e3183ba5bf2620ee66de866df # 签名防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:8
docker.io/library/tomcat:8 #真实地址
#等价于
docker pull tomcat:8
docker pull docker.io/library/tomcat:8
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定id的镜像
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker rmi -f f19c56ce92a8
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker ps -a -q)
3.容器命令
docker中下载centos
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image
#参书说明
--name="Name" #容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d #后台方式运行
-it #使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P(大写) 随机指定端口
# 测试、启动并进入容器 以交互模式进入
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@241b5abce65e /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@241b5abce65e /]# exit #从容器退回主机，会退出 ctrl+P+Q
exit
退出容器
exit #容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止退出 ---注意：这个很有用的操作
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
4.其他常用命令
后台启动命令
[hadoop@centos101 home]$ sudo docker run -d centos
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
10a38222c69a1fb9389e780b1de139ddd4003dd103424eadc5cc7082a92aae60
[hadoop@centos101 home]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 发现成功后台启动了容器，但是容器却自动停止了。这是因为docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，# # 就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs --help
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
* -f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
* --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
* -t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
➜ ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志
#显示日志
-tf #显示日志信息（一直更新）
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志
docker logs -ft 容器id #跟着日志
查看容器中进程信息
[hadoop@centos101 ~]$ sudo docker top f922cb8e58b6
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 38259 38238 0 22:44 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo huazai;sleep 2;done
root 38738 38259 0 22:52 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2
检查容器的元数据信息
[hadoop@centos101 ~]$ sudo docker inspect 859d070f06a0
[
{
"Id": "859d070f06a0fff3bd90d50dbc7feb8cd88f1d59cfde00bc8a8ba3a58e1a840a",
"Created": "2021-05-25T13:47:17.342273824Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo huazai;sleep 2;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 36478,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-05-25T13:47:17.824844582Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/859d070f06a0fff3bd90d50dbc7feb8cd88f1d59cfde00bc8a8ba3a58e1a840a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/859d070f06a0fff3bd90d50dbc7feb8cd88f1d59cfde00bc8a8ba3a58e1a840a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/859d070f06a0fff3bd90d50dbc7feb8cd88f1d59cfde00bc8a8ba3a58e1a840a/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/859d070f06a0fff3bd90d50dbc7feb8cd88f1d59cfde00bc8a8ba3a58e1a840a/859d070f06a0fff3bd90d50dbc7feb8cd88f1d59cfde00bc8a8ba3a58e1a840a-json.log",
"Name": "/objective_leakey",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0c28188f6c0cf0c055b58b99e9c6031f01893a3dde34da1419246b680e2d56d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5fcd9b0deba3f85b02f8c386f99b6395a596a65198ee011124bf9e2da923c5a4/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0c28188f6c0cf0c055b58b99e9c6031f01893a3dde34da1419246b680e2d56d/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0c28188f6c0cf0c055b58b99e9c6031f01893a3dde34da1419246b680e2d56d/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0c28188f6c0cf0c055b58b99e9c6031f01893a3dde34da1419246b680e2d56d/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "859d070f06a0",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo huazai;sleep 2;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "e8bb718f04f4860e3d8b7d6bc0f43179e3c0c4a610cfec8d09e5997402720cca",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e8bb718f04f4",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "a507b25670316c908fd39ab3f8570bf7e4bb0b7b8ba3b92ebb191ef73b69957e",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "54ba6d3d016e283f004c521aa3728c91e4af143bd2f6064bc28fa66fb2c3e521",
"EndpointID": "a507b25670316c908fd39ab3f8570bf7e4bb0b7b8ba3b92ebb191ef73b69957e",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入容器
# 方式一
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
测试：docker exec -it 55321bcae33d /bin/bash
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
docker attach 55321bcae33d
正在执行当前的代码...
区别
#docker exec #进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
#docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端
从容器内拷贝到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机目的路径
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
56a5583b25b4 centos "/bin/bash" 7seconds ago Up 6 seconds
#1. 进入docker容器内部
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker exec -it 56a5583b25b4 /bin/bash
[root@55321bcae33d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#新建一个文件
[root@55321bcae33d /]# echo "hello" > java.java
[root@55321bcae33d /]# cat hello.java
hello
[root@55321bcae33d /]# exit
exit
#hello.java拷贝到home文件加下
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z /]# docker cp 56a5583b25b4:/hello.java /home
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z /]# cd /home
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z home]# ls -l #可以看见java.java存在
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 19 22:09 haust.java
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 May 22 11:12 java.java
drwx------ 3 www www 4096 May 8 12:14 www
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