第10章 常用类

10.2 字符串String类

10.2.1 字符串String类的特点

字符串的学习，有的同学就看看API，记下方法，有的同学看看源代码，还有的同学画画图，自然学的深度是不一样的。

 

/**  * The {@code String} class represents character strings. All  * string literals in Java programs, such as {@code "abc"}, are  * implemented as instances of this class.  * <p>  * Strings are constant; their values cannot be changed after they  * are created. String buffers support mutable strings.  * Because String objects are immutable they can be shared. For example:  * <blockquote><pre>  *     String str = "abc";  * </pre></blockquote><p>  * is equivalent to:  * <blockquote><pre>  *     char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};  *     String str = new String(data);  * </pre></blockquote><p>  * Here are some more examples of how strings can be used:  * <blockquote><pre>  *     System.out.println("abc");  *     String cde = "cde";  *     System.out.println("abc" + cde);  *     String c = "abc".substring(2,3);  *     String d = cde.substring(1, 2);  * </pre></blockquote>  * <p>  * The class {@code String} includes methods for examining  * individual characters of the sequence, for comparing strings, for  * searching strings, for extracting substrings, and for creating a  * copy of a string with all characters translated to uppercase or to  * lowercase. Case mapping is based on the Unicode Standard version  * specified by the {@link java.lang.Character Character} class.  * <p>  * The Java language provides special support for the string  * concatenation operator (&nbsp;+&nbsp;), and for conversion of  * other objects to strings. String concatenation is implemented  * through the {@code StringBuilder}(or {@code StringBuffer})  * class and its {@code append} method.  * String conversions are implemented through the method  * {@code toString}, defined by {@code Object} and  * inherited by all classes in Java. For additional information on  * string concatenation and conversion, see Gosling, Joy, and Steele,  * <i>The Java Language Specification</i>.

String 类代表字符串。Java 程序中的所有字符串字面值（如 "abc" ）都作为此类的实例实现。 字符串是常量；它们的值在创建之后不能更改。字符串缓冲区支持可变的字符串。因为 String 对象是不可变的，所以可以共享。例如：      String str = "abc";  等效于：      char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};      String str = new String(data); 下面给出了一些如何使用字符串的更多示例：      System.out.println("abc");      String cde = "cde";      System.out.println("abc" + cde);      String c = "abc".substring(2,3);      String d = cde.substring(1, 2);  String 类包括的方法可用于检查序列的单个字符、比较字符串、搜索字符串、提取子字符串、创建字符串副本并将所有字符全部转换为大写或小写。大小写映射基于 Character 类指定的 Unicode 标准版。   Java 语言提供对字符串串联符号（"+"）以及将其他对象转换为字符串的特殊支持。字符串串联是通过 StringBuilder（或 StringBuffer）类及其 append 方法实现的。字符串转换是通过 toString 方法实现的，该方法由 Object 类定义，并可被 Java 中的所有类继承。有关字符串串联和转换的更多信息，请参阅 Gosling、Joy 和 Steele 合著的 The Java Language Specification。

1、String是个final类

2、String是不可变的字符序列

public final class String     implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {     /** The value is used for character storage. */     private final char value[];       /** Cache the hash code for the string */     private int hash; // Default to 0

String对象的字符内容是存储在一个字符数组中的。

private意味着外面无法直接获取字符数组，而且String没有提供value的get和set方法，

final意味着字符数组的引用不可改变，即通过让value指向新的数组对象来实现修改String对象，

而且String也没有提供方法来修改value数组某个元素值，因此字符串的字符数组内容也不可变。

 

疑问？那么字符串的拼接、字符串的截取、字符串的替换等操作是如何实现的呢？

每次修改都创建一个新的char数组表示修改结果。

3、String对象的创建

String str = “hello”;

String  s1 = new String();   //  本质上  this.value = new char[0];

String  s2 = new String(String original);  //this.value = original.value;

String  s3 = new String(char[] a);  //this.value = Arrays.copyOf(value, value.length);

String  s4 = new String(char[] a,int startIndex,int count)

.......

 

 

本教程由尚硅谷教育大数据研究院出品，如需转载请注明来源。