Mysql学习笔记：SQL子查询

SQL子查询

子查询（Sub Query）或者说内查询（Inner Query），也可以称作嵌套查询（Nested Query），是一种嵌套在其他 SQL查询的查询。

格式

select 
	.. (select)..  -- 
from 
	.. (select)..
where 
 .. (select)..

where子句使用子查询

找出高于平均分数的成绩记录：

SELECT
	*
FROM
	score
WHERE
	s_score > (
		SELECT
			avg(s_score)
		FROM
			score
	)

主要用于结果筛选

from后面嵌套子查询

from后面只能跟表

将from后面的子查询(select * from table)当做是临时表考虑。

score表

student表

找出高于课程平均分数的学生信息

SELECT
	stu.s_name '姓名',
	s.s_score '分数',
	s.c_id '课程',
	a.avg_score '课程平均分'
FROM
	(
		SELECT
			c_id,
			avg(s_score) 'avg_score'
		FROM
			score
		GROUP BY
			c_id
	) a
JOIN score s ON s.c_id = a.c_id
JOIN student stu ON s.s_id = stu.s_id
WHERE
	s.s_score > a.avg_score

结果：

select后跟嵌套子查询

course 表

teacher表

找出每个课程的课程名和老师名

SELECT
	c.c_name '课程名',
	(
		SELECT
			t.t_name
		FROM
			teacher t
		WHERE
			t.t_id = c.t_id
	) '老师'
FROM
	course c

结果：

练习表

--建表
--学生表
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
--课程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
--教师表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
--成绩表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`s_score` INT(3),
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
--插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
--课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

--教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

--成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);