Android Adapter:ArrayAdapter篇
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源码：AndroidDemo/Notification
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这是Android Adapter系列文章的第一篇，该系列主要会讲到如下几种Adapter。
ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的一个具体实现，可直接使用泛型进行构造，能像List一样直接对Adapter进行增删操作。
ArrayAdapter的构造函数
ArrayAdapter共有6个构造函数，前5种都是调用最后一个构造函数：
public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource)public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, @IdRes int textViewResourceId) public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, @NonNull T[] objects)public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, @IdRes int textViewResourceId, @NonNull T[] objects) public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, @NonNull List<T> objects) public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, @IdRes int textViewResourceId, @NonNull List<T> objects)ArrayAdapter特性
默认情况下，ArrayAdapter期望布局文件里只有一个TextView，连Layout都不能包含（构造方法1、3、5）。如果你想使用复杂的布局，则你必须向构造函数传递一个field id，即布局中对应TextView的id。如果想实现更复杂的布局，那么你就得重写BaseAdapter的getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法返回你需要的View。这就是实现泛型操作带有List功能的Adapter了。
ArrayAdapter会调用List中对象的toString()方法，所以可以通过重写Object的toString()方法来控制TextView的显示。
其实，以上特性查看ArrayAdapter的源码就可以看出来了。ArrayAdapter的getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法最终调用了createViewFromResource(inflater, position, convertView, parent, resource)方法，源码如下：
private @NonNull View createViewFromResource(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent, int resource) { final View view; final TextView text; if (convertView == null) { view = inflater.inflate(resource, parent, false); } else { view = convertView; } try { //mFieldId即为构造函数中的textViewResourceId if (mFieldId == 0) { // If no custom field is assigned, assume the whole resource is a TextView text = (TextView) view; } else { // Otherwise, find the TextView field within the layout text = (TextView) view.findViewById(mFieldId); if (text == null) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to find view with ID " + mContext.getResources().getResourceName(mFieldId) + " in item layout"); } } } catch (ClassCastException e) { Log.e("ArrayAdapter", "You must supply a resource ID for a TextView"); throw new IllegalStateException( "ArrayAdapter requires the resource ID to be a TextView", e); } final T item = getItem(position); if (item instanceof CharSequence) { text.setText((CharSequence) item); } else { //如果想控制ArrayAdapter显示，复写toString()即可 text.setText(item.toString()); } return view;}ArrayAdapter的List特性
ArrayAdapter中的数组操作方法可以总结如下，其都是通过对构造函数或者后期添加的List数据进行增删操作来实现的，具体可以参看源码。
//添加一个对象到ArrayAdaptervoid add(T object);//将数组全部添加到ArrayAdaptervoid addAll(@NonNull Collection<? extends T> collection);//将数组全部添加到ArrayAdaptervoid addAll(T ... items);//插入新条目到指定位置void insert(@Nullable T object, int index);//清除所有元素void clear()；//移出一条从数组，这里并没有指定位置void remove(T object)；//控制当执行add(T), insert(T, int), remove(T), clear()等的操作时，是否自动执行`notifyDataSetChanged()`自动刷新UI。当其为false时，需要手动调用`notifyDataSetChanged()`方法void setNotifyOnChange(boolean notifyOnChange);//对ArrayAdapter显示的数据进行排序void sort(Comparator<? super T> comparator);Demo时间
ArrayAdapter的实现原理讲的差不多了，那么接下来就是demo时间了。
ArrayAdapter的最简单使用
ArrayAdapter的最简单使用应该就属构造函数1、3、5，一赤裸裸的Textview布局，一数组足矣。
代码真心简单的不要不要的，如果想尝试自定义简单ArrayAdapter的布局可以参考custom_simplest_list_item.xml
SimplestArrayAdapterActivity.java:
public class SimplestArrayAdapterActivity extends Activity { private ListView mLv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_simplest_array_adapter); mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); mLv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, Util.generateString(10))); //此处为自定义的simple_list_item //mLv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.custom_simplest_list_item, Util.generateString(10))); }}activity_simplest_array_adapter.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".SimplestArrayAdapterActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/lv" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></ListView></LinearLayout>custom_simplest_list_item.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"></TextView>ArrayAdapter的进阶使用
ArrayAdapter的进阶使用其实不比上面的demo难多少，只是这里调用的构造函数2、4、6中的一种，只需要自定义一个包含TextView的布局，将布局id和TextView的id传递给ArrayAdapter即可。
//替换此处mLv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,R.layout.custom_list_item,R.id.tv_i_am_textview, Util.generateString(10)));custom_list_item.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal" tools:context="com.littlejie.adapter.MiddleArrayAdapterActivity"> <ImageView android:layout_width="30dp" android:layout_height="30dp" android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_i_am_textview" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="30dp" android:gravity="center" /></LinearLayout>运行结果如下：
ArrayAdapter的超阶使用
ArrayAdapter实现复杂布局其实也很简单，只需要重写getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法即可，其余和前两个例子没啥区别。getView(int, View, ViewGroup)后面讲BaseAdapter的时候会详细讲。
HardestArrayAdapterActivity.java:
public class HardestArrayAdapterActivity extends Activity { private ListView mLv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_hardest_array_adapter); mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); mLv.setAdapter(new MyArrayAdapter(this, generateData(10))); } private List<Student> generateData(int num) { List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { Student student = new Student(); student.setName("学生 " + i); student.setGender(i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女"); student.setScore(String.valueOf(100 - i)); students.add(student); } return students; } /** * 自定义ArrayAdapter,重写getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法 */ private class MyArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Student> { private List<Student> mStudents; public MyArrayAdapter(Context context, List<Student> objects) { super(context, 0, objects); mStudents = objects; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { convertView = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.custom_hardest_list_item, null); TextView tvName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name); TextView tvGender = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_gender); TextView tvScore = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_score); Student student = mStudents.get(position); tvName.setText("姓名:" + student.getName()); tvGender.setText("性别:" + student.getGender()); tvScore.setText("成绩:" + student.getScore()); return convertView; } } /** * 定义学生对象,存放姓名、性别、成绩 */ private class Student { private String name; private String gender; private String score; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public String getScore() { return score; } public void setScore(String score) { this.score = score; } @Override public String toString() { return "姓名:" + name + "\n性别:" + gender + "\n成绩:" + score; } }}custom_hardest_list_item.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_name" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_gender" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_score" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /></LinearLayout>代码运行结果如下：
其实这个demo也可以用最简单的方式来实现，那就是重写Student类的toString()方法。
public String toString() { return "姓名:" + name + "\n性别:" + gender + "\n成绩:" + score;}ArrayAdapter的List操作
话不多说，直接上代码。
ListActionActivity.java:
public class ListActionActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener { private Button mBtnAdd, mBtnAddAll; private Button mBtnInsert, mBtnClear; private Button mBtnRemove, mBtnSort; private Button mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeOpen, mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeClose; private ListView mLv; private ArrayAdapter<String> mAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_action); mBtnAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add); mBtnAddAll = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_addAll); mBtnInsert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_insert); mBtnClear = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_clear); mBtnRemove = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_remove); mBtnSort = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_sort); mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeOpen = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeOpen); mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeClose = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeClose); mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv); mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, Util.generateString(10)); mLv.setAdapter(mAdapter); mBtnAdd.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnAddAll.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnInsert.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnClear.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnRemove.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnSort.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeOpen.setOnClickListener(this); mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeClose.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.btn_add: add(); break; case R.id.btn_addAll: addAll(); break; case R.id.btn_insert: insert(); break; case R.id.btn_clear: clear(); break; case R.id.btn_remove: remove(); break; case R.id.btn_sort: sort(); break; case R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeOpen: setNotifyOnChangeOpen(); break; case R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeClose: setNotifyOnCHangeClose(); break; } } private void add() { String add = "我是通过add()添加进来的"; mAdapter.add(add); } private void addAll() { List<String> addAll = new ArrayList<>(); addAll.add("addAll-item1"); addAll.add("addAll-item2"); mAdapter.addAll(addAll); } private void insert() { String insert = "insert到第二个位置"; mAdapter.insert(insert, 1); } private void clear() { mAdapter.clear(); } private void remove() { mAdapter.remove("item 1"); } private void sort() { } private void setNotifyOnChangeOpen() { mAdapter.setNotifyOnChange(true); } private void setNotifyOnCHangeClose() { mAdapter.setNotifyOnChange(false); }}activity_action_list.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MiddleArrayAdapterActivity"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_add" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="add" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_addAll" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="addAll" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_insert" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="insert" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_clear" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="clear" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_remove" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="remove" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_sort" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="sort" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_setNotifyOnChangeOpen" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="setNotifyOnChangeOpen" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_setNotifyOnChangeClose" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="setNotifyOnChangeClose" /> </LinearLayout> <ListView android:id="@+id/lv" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></ListView></LinearLayout>好了，ArrayAdapter的用法应该都讲完了。找个时间把Demo的代码放到git上去~本系列文章会持续更新，欢迎关注~
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