GUI用户图形界面

Ifeng_iPhone

已于 2022-09-17 16:05:53 修改

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文章标签： java spring servlet

于 2022-07-21 20:15:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Ifeng_iPhone/article/details/125920169

版权

一、介绍

（一）简单介绍

Gui的核心技术:Swing 和 AWT 1.因为界面不美观。 2.需要 jre 环境!

为什么我们要学习? 1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具 2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率极小! 3.了解MVC架构，了解监听!

（二）AWT

（抽象的窗口工具）

包含了很多类和接口，GUI：图形用户界面

2.1 组件和容器

（1）frame

第一个java图像界面窗口：

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;

public class Demo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图像界面窗口");

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置坐标
        frame.setLocation(300,300);

        //设置大小
        frame.setSize(800,400);

        //设置颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.pink);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(true);
    }
}

多个窗口：（存在问题）

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Set;

public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo001 demo001 = new Demo001(300,300,600,400,Color.red);
        Demo001 demo002 = new Demo001(900,300,600,400,Color.orange);
        Demo001 demo003 = new Demo001(300,700,600,400,Color.yellow);
        Demo001 demo004 = new Demo001(900,700,600,400,Color.green);
    }
}
class Demo001 extends Demo01 {
    static int id = 0;//存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器

    public Demo001(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color) {
/*         super("Frame+"+(++id));//此处有问题
        setLocation(x,y);
        setSize(w,h);
        setBackground(color);*/
         Frame frame = new Frame("Frame"+(++id));
         frame.setBounds(x,y,w,h);//坐标大小
         frame.setBackground(color);
         frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

（2）面板panel

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class PanelTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("背景");
        Panel panel = new Panel();//新建面板
        Panel panel1= new Panel();//再新建一个面板

        //设置布局,默认置顶
        frame.setLayout(null);

        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);//设置坐标大小
        frame.setBackground(new Color(94, 236, 17));

        panel.setBounds(50,50,200,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(239, 12, 12));

        panel1.setBounds(250,50,200,400);
        panel1.setBackground(new Color(25, 81, 224));

        frame.add(panel);
        frame.add(panel1);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件
        //适配器模式：
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //点击窗口关闭时做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

（3）布局管理器

1.流式布局FlowLayout

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class FlowLayoutTest {
    //流式布局
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("背景");
        //新建按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(/*FlowLayout.CENTER*/));//center为默认

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(200,200);
    }
}

2、方向BorderLayout

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button east = new Button("east");
        Button west = new Button("west");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);//此处注意点，将自定义对象和默认匹配
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(500,500);
    }
}

3、表格布局GridLayout

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3));
        frame.setSize(300,300);

        frame.pack();//较好的排列方法
    }
}

练习：（待完善）

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new GridLayout(1,1));
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new GridLayout(1,1));
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(1,1));
        Panel panel5 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        Panel panel6 = new Panel(new GridLayout(1,1));
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
        Button btn7 = new Button("btn7");
        Button btn8 = new Button("btn8");
        Button btn9 = new Button("btn9");
        Button btn10 = new Button("btn10");
        Button btn01 = new Button("btn01");
        Button btn02 = new Button("btn02");
        Button btn03 = new Button("btn03");

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(100,100,600,400);
        panel1.setBounds(0,0,100,200);
        panel2.setBounds(100,0,400,200);
        panel3.setBounds(500,0,100,200);
        panel4.setBounds(0,200,100,200);
        panel5.setBounds(100,200,400,200);
        panel6.setBounds(500,200,100,200);

        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel2);
        frame.add(panel3);
        frame.add(panel4);
        frame.add(panel5);
        frame.add(panel6);

        panel1.add(btn1);
        panel2.add(btn2);
        panel2.add(btn3);
        panel3.add(btn4);
        panel4.add(btn5);
        panel5.add(btn6);
        panel5.add(btn7);
        panel5.add(btn8);
        panel5.add(btn9);
        panel6.add(btn10);

        frame.pack();

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3));


    }
}

（4）总结

1.Frame是一个顶级窗口

2.Panel 无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中。

3.布局管理器: 1.流式 2.东西南北中 3.表格 4.大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听。

（5）练习

package com.Yaof.Demo1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//定义为方向型
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));//定义2行1列
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//定义为方向型
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));//定义2行2列

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setVisible(true);
        //整体框架为2行1列
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.pack();
        frame.setBounds(200,200,600,400);

        //上半部分
        p1.add(btn1,BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(btn2,BorderLayout.WEST);
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        p2.add(btn3);
        p2.add(btn4);

        //下半部分
        p3.add(btn5,BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(btn6,BorderLayout.WEST);
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            //p4中装入4个按钮
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));//直接new一个按钮，（）中是按钮的名称
        }

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.2 事件监听

package com.Yaof.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void  main(String[] args) {
        //按一下，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        //因为addActionListener需要一个ActionListener，所以需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        
        frame.pack();
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setSize(600,400);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        
        closing(frame);

    }
    //关闭窗口
    public static void closing(Frame frame ){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
        }
        //事件监听
         class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
         @Override
         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
             System.out.println("666");//点击按钮输出666
    }
}

也可以多个事件公用一个监听

2.3 输入框TextField监听

package com.Yaof.Demo03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
        myFrame.setBounds(100,100,200,220);
        myFrame.setVisible(true);
        myFrame.setBackground(Color.green);
        myFrame.setName("低配QQ");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        setBounds(100,100,200,220);
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        MyAction myAction = new MyAction();
        textField.addActionListener(myAction);
        textField.setVisible(true);
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        pack();
    }
}

class MyAction implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源，返回一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");
    }
}

（六）简易加法计算器

初始：

package com.Yaof.Demo03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame2().setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    public MyFrame2()  {
        //三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
        TextField num1  = new TextField(10);//字符数10
        TextField num2  = new TextField(10);//字符数10
        TextField num3  = new TextField(20);//字符数20

        Button button = new Button("=");

        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        //按钮加入监听
        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener(num1,num2,num3));
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyActionListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获得加数和被加数
         int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
         int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

         //返回num3
         num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

         //清空num1,num2
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

优化1，组合：

package com.Yaof.Demo03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame2 myFrame2 = new MyFrame2();
        myFrame2.setVisible(true);
        myFrame2.loadFrame();//调用一下方法，不然不显示计算器了
    }
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    //属性
     TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){//load加载
        //三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
        num1  = new TextField(10);//字符数10
        num2  = new TextField(10);//字符数10
        num3  = new TextField(20);//字符数20
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener(this));
    }
    }

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    MyFrame2 myFrame2 = null;//新建对象 赋初始值
    //获取三个变量
    public MyActionListener(MyFrame2 myFrame2){
        this.myFrame2 = myFrame2;//监听数据传入
    }

    @Override
    //监听数据处理
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获得加数和被加数
         int n1 = Integer.parseInt(myFrame2.num1.getText());
         int n2 = Integer.parseInt(myFrame2.num2.getText());

         //返回num3
        myFrame2.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

         //清空num1,num2
        myFrame2.num1.setText("");
        myFrame2.num2.setText("");
    }
}

优化2，内部类：

package com.Yaof.Demo03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame2 myFrame2 = new MyFrame2();
        myFrame2.setVisible(true);
        myFrame2.loadFrame();//调用一下方法，不然不显示计算器了
    }
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    //属性
     TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){//load加载
        //三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
        num1  = new TextField(10);//字符数10
        num2  = new TextField(10);//字符数10
        num3  = new TextField(20);//字符数20
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
    }
    private class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
        //内部类，直接获得num1，2，3
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //获得加数和被加数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

            //返回num3
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

            //清空num1,num2
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
    }

2.4 画笔paint

package com.Yaof.Paint;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Mypaint().LoadPaint();
    }
}
class Mypaint extends Frame{
    public void LoadPaint() {
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paint(g);
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//画个实心圆

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,300,150);//画个实心矩形
        //养成习惯，画笔用完就还原
    }
}

2.5 鼠标监听

实现鼠标点击的画画:

package com.Yaof.Paint;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestPaint2 {
    //鼠标监听事件
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;//存储点

    public MyFrame(String title)  {
        //画板
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);

        //存鼠标的点
        points =new ArrayList<>();

        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouse());
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();//使用迭代器将points中的点迭代出来
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.green);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到页面
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouse extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标监听
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();

            //这里点击时，会在界面产生一个点;
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //刷新，每次点击鼠标都重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

2.6 窗口监听

package com.Yaof.Listener;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class WindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame()  {
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
/*                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("激活窗口");
                    }*/

                    @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("关闭窗口");
                System.exit(0);

            }
        });
    }

/*      //此方法较次，继承类不如内部类
        class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {

        }

        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.out.println("关闭窗口");
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }*/
}

2.7 键盘监听

package com.Yaof.Listener;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键
                int KeyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(KeyCode);
                if(KeyCode==KeyEvent.VK_E){//不用记录KeyCode的具体数值，直接KeyEvent.VK_***
                    System.out.println("你输入了E");
                }

            }
        });
    }
}

（三） Swing

3.1 窗口和面板

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.peer.ContainerPeer;

public class JFrameDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }

    //init() 初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame();
        jf.setBounds(100,100,600,400);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBackground(Color.blue);

        //设置文字 JLabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来到我的世界");
        //设置居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        jf.add(jLabel);

        //新建一个容器
        Container container = jf.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.blue);


        //关闭窗口
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.2 弹窗JDialog

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }

    public DialogDemo()  {
        //基本属性
        this.setBounds(100,100,600,400);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.green);
        container.setLayout(null);//绝对布局



        JButton jButton = new JButton("点我有弹窗");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        jButton.setVisible(true);

        container.add(jButton);

        //点击按钮时，弹出一个弹窗
        jButton.addActionListener(
                new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        new MyDialog();
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog() {
        this.setBounds(100,500,200,200);
        this.setVisible(true);

    }
}

3.3 标签

3.3.1 Icon图标

需要继承 JFrame 类和 Icon 接口

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo()  {
    }
    public IconDemo(int width,int height)  {
        this.height = height;
        this.width  = width;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签上，也能放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
}

3.3.2 ImageIcon

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame  {

    public ImageIconDemo(){
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        //获取图片的地址
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("潇洒.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);//图片放入标签
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);//设置居中

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4 面板

3.4.1 JPanel:

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class PanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PanelDemo();
    }

    public PanelDemo()  {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2,10,10));

        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();

        jPanel.add(new JButton("666"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("666"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("666"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("666"));
        contentPane.add(jPanel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
}

3.4.2 JScroll（滚动条）:

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class ScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ScrollDemo();
    }
    public ScrollDemo(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20,50);//超过20，50时，滚动条出现
        jTextArea.setText("666");

        //JScroll滚动条
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        contentPane.add(jScrollPane);
    }
}

3.5 按钮

3.5.1 图片按钮

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class PictureJButton extends JFrame {
    public PictureJButton() {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //获取图片的地址
        URL url = PictureJButton.class.getResource("潇洒.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);//将图片存放到图标icon中
        JButton jButton = new JButton();
        jButton.setIcon(icon);

        contentPane.add(jButton);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PictureJButton();
    }
}

3.5.2 单选框 radioButton

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class radioButtonDemo extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new radioButtonDemo();
    }
    public radioButtonDemo(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        
        //新建三个单选按钮
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");

        //给按钮分组，实现单选
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);

        contentPane.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.5.3 多选框 JCheckBox

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JCheckBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JCheckBoxDemo();
    }
    public JCheckBoxDemo(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        //新建三个多选框
        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("2");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("3");

        //设置居中
        jCheckBox1.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        jCheckBox2.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        jCheckBox3.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //放入容器并设置上中下
        contentPane.add(jCheckBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jCheckBox2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(jCheckBox3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.6 列表

3.6.1 下拉框JComboBox

addItem上下选择

package com.Yaof.Demo05;

import com.Yaof.Demo04.JCheckBoxDemo;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboBoxDemo();
    }
    public TestComboBoxDemo(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();//新建下拉框

        status.addItem(null);//addItem上下选择
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("即将上映");
        status.addItem("已下架");

        contentPane.add(status);

        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.6.2 列表框

package com.Yaof.Demo05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TestComboBox2 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboBox2();
    }

    public TestComboBox2() {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

//        String[] container = {"1", "2", "3"};//生成静态列表的内容
        Vector container = new Vector();//动态列表
        //放入数据
        container.add("张三");
        container.add("李四");
        container.add("3");
        container.add("4");
        container.add("5");
        JList jList = new JList(container);

        contentPane.add(jList);

        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.7 文本框、密码框、文本域

3.7.1 文本框

package com.Yaof.Demo05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestJTextField extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestJTextField();
    }
    public TestJTextField(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        //新建文本框
        JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("666啊");
        JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("777啊");
        contentPane.add(jTextField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jTextField1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.7.2 密码框

package com.Yaof.Demo05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestText01 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestText01();
    }

    public TestText01() {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        //设置密码框为*，配合面板使用更好
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');

        contentPane.add(jPasswordField);

        contentPane.setBackground(Color.green);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.7.3 文本域

代码和面板的滚动条一样

package com.Yaof.Demo04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class ScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ScrollDemo();
    }
    public ScrollDemo(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20,50);//超过20，50时，滚动条出现
        jTextArea.setText("666");

        //JScroll滚动条
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        contentPane.add(jScrollPane);
    }
}

贪吃蛇

帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧、60帧。连起来是动画，拆开就是静态的图片!

键盘监听

定时器Timer

1、启动类

package com.Yaof.Snack;

import javax.swing.*;

//游戏启动
public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();

        frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
        frame.setResizable(false);

        frame.add(new GamePanel());

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

2、数据类

package com.Yaof.Snack;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

//数据中心
public class Data {
    //相对路径 潇洒.jpg
    //绝对路径 / 相当于当前项目
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/up.png");
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/down.png");
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/left.png");
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/right.png");
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);

    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("Statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);


}

3、游戏面板类

package com.Yaof.Snack;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
    //定义蛇的数据结构
    int length;//蛇的长度
    int[] snakex = new int[600];//蛇的x坐标25*25
    int[] snakey = new int[500];//蛇的y坐标25*25
    String fx;//初始方向

    int foodx;
    int foody;
    int score;
    Random random = new Random();

    boolean isFail = false;//默认不失败
    //游戏当前的状态：开始、不开始    默认不开始
    boolean isstart = false;

    //定时器，以ms毫秒为单位
    Timer timer =new Timer(100,this);//100毫秒一次

    //构造器
    public GamePanel(){
        init();
        //获得焦点和键盘的键
        this.setFocusable(true);
        this.addKeyListener(this);
        timer.start();//游戏开始，定时器启动
    }

    //初始化方法
    public void init(){
        length = 3;
        snakex[0]= 100;snakey[0]= 100;//脑袋坐标
        snakex[1]= 75;snakey[1]= 100;//第一个身体坐标
        snakex[2]= 50;snakey[2]= 100;//第二个身体坐标
        fx = "R";

        //食物分布在界面上
        foodx = 25+25*random.nextInt(34);
        foody = 75+25*random.nextInt(24);

        score=0;

    }

    //绘制面板，游戏中的所有组件都由这个画笔来画
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);//清屏

        //绘制静态的面板
        Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,25,11);//头部广告栏
        setBackground(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(25,75,850,600);//默认游戏界面

        Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);//蛇头初始化
        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[i],snakey[i]);//身体
        }
        /*Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[1],snakey[1]);//身体
        Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[2],snakey[2]);//第二个身体坐标*/

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));
        g.drawString("长度"+length,750,30);
        g.drawString("分数"+score,750,55);

        //画食物
        Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);

        //把小蛇画上去
        if (fx.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);
        }else if (fx.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);
        }else if (fx.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);
        }else if (fx.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);
        }

        //游戏状态
        if (isstart == false){
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("按下空白开始游戏",300,300);
        }
        if(isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.red);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("游戏失败，按下空白开始游戏",300,300);
        }
    }



    //事件监听--需要通过固定的时间刷新，1s  10次
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isstart&&isFail==false){//如果开始状态，就启动监听
            //吃食物
            if(snakex[0]==foodx && snakey[0]==foody){
                length++;//长度+1
                //分数+10
                score = score + 10;
                //再次随机食物
                foodx = 25+25*random.nextInt(34);
                foody = 75+25*random.nextInt(24);
            }

            //移动
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0; i--) {
                snakex[i] = snakex [i-1];
                snakey[i] = snakey [i-1];
            }
            //走向
            if(fx.equals("R")){
                snakex[0]=snakex[0]+25;
                //边界判断
                if(snakex[0]>825){
                    isFail=true;
//                    snakex[0]=25;
                }
            }else if(fx.equals("L")){
                snakex[0]=snakex[0]-25;
                if(snakex[0]<50){
                    isFail=true;
//                    snakex[0]=850;
                }
            }else if(fx.equals("U")){
                snakey[0]=snakey[0]-25;
                if(snakey[0]<100){
                    isFail=true;
//                    snakey[0]=650;
                }
            }else if(fx.equals("D")){
                snakey[0]=snakey[0]+25;
                if(snakey[0]>650){
                    isFail=true;
//                    snakey[0]=75;
                }
            }
            //失败判断，撞到自己就算失败
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if(snakex[0]==snakex[i] && snakey[0]==snakey[i]){
                    isFail=true;
                }
            }
            
            repaint();//重画页面
        }
        timer.start();
    }

    //键盘监听器
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keycode = e.getKeyCode();
        if(keycode==KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            if(isFail){
                //重新开始
                isFail = false;
                init();
            }
            isstart = !isstart;//取反
            repaint();
        }

        //蛇不能后退,小蛇方向
        if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_UP&& !fx.equals("D")){
            fx = "U";
        }else
        if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN&& !fx.equals("U")){
            fx = "D";
        }else if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT&& !fx.equals("L")){
            fx = "R";
        }else if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT&& !fx.equals("R")){
            fx = "L";
        }


    }
    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {}
    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {}

}

Ifeng_iPhone

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Gui的核心技术Swing和AWT1.因为界面不美观。2.需要jre环境!为什么我们要学习?1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率极小!3.了解MVC架构，了解监听!
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