action介绍
struts2中action是struts2的核心内容,action相当于传统的servlet能对用户的请求进行处理并根据结果返回给用户不同的响应界面。
编写action文件
注意
1、在编写action文件时大多数情况下都会继承com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport类,并重写此类里的publicString execute() throws Exception方法。因为此类中实现了很多的实用接口,提供了很多默认方法,这些默认方法包括国际化信息的方法、默认的处理用户请求的方法等,这样可以大大的简化Acion的开发。
2、Struts2中通常直接使用Action来封装HTTP请求参数,因此,Action类里还应该包含与请求参数对应的属性,并且为属性提供对应的getter和setter方法。
3、Struts2中属性作用域是request作用域只对当前请求有效。
原因:ActionContext(com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionContext)是Action执行时的上下文,上下文可以看作是一个容器(其实我们这里的容器就是一个Map而已),它存放放的是Action在执行时需要用到的对象,比如:在使用WebWork时,我们的上下文放有请求的参数(Parameter)、会话(Session)、Servlet上下文(ServletContext)、本地化(Locale)信息等。
在每次执行Action之前都会创建新的ActionContext,ActionContext是线程安全的,也就是说在同一个线程里ActionContext里的属性是唯一的,这样我的Action就可以在多线程中使用。
4、actin中属性的值可以是对象类型。
对象类型示例:
UserAction:
package cn.zc.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import cn.zc.domain.User;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String execute(){
System.out.println(user.toString());
return SUCCESS;
}
}
struts.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="demo" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="user" class="cn.zc.action.UserAction">
<result>./user.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
user.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h2>${requestScope.user}</h2>
<form action="./user.action" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user.name"><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
User类;
package cn.zc.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String name, Integer age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
在action中使用servlert API
如果我要取得Servlet API中的一些对象,如request、response或session等,应该怎么做?我们只需要实现struts2里面提供好的借口便可使用传统servlet编程。
org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware:提供servletContext(application)对象
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware:提供request对象
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware:提供response对象
示例:
package cn.zc.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
importorg.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
importorg.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
importorg.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;
importcom.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Method3Action extendsActionSupport implements ServletContextAware,ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware{
privatestatic final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
privateServletContext application;
privateHttpServletResponse response;
privateHttpServletRequest request;
@Override
publicvoid setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
//TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.response=response;
}
@Override
publicvoid setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
//TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.request=request;
}
@Override
publicvoid setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
//TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.application=context;
}
publicString execute(){
application.setAttribute("method","ServletContextAware");
request.getSession().setAttribute("session","Awere");
request.setAttribute("request","ServletRequestAware");
returnSUCCESS;
}
}