通过这个实例,1)理解Spring配置文件中容器的概念
2)学会读取Spring中的配置文件,学会读取xml文件
对象类:User.java
服务类:UserService.java
操作数据库:UserDAO
操作数据库的实现类:UserDAOImpl
因为可能有多个业务,增加用户,增加教师,增加学生:所以需要利用工程模式。需要谁我就用谁的工厂
BeanFactory.java
工厂的实现:ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java 在这里面我们实现调用xml中的内容,读取xml文件
配置文件:beans.xml
主要代码:ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java
package spring;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {
private Map<String , Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//IOC Inverse of Control DI Dependency Injection
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception {
SAXBuilder sb=new SAXBuilder();
Document doc=sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml")); //构造文档对象
Element root=doc.getRootElement();
List list=root.getChildren("bean");
for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
Element element=(Element)list.get(i);
String id=element.getAttributeValue("id");
String clazz=element.getAttributeValue("class");
Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();
System.out.println(id);
System.out.println(clazz);
beans.put(id, o);
for(Element propertyElement : (List<Element>)element.getChildren("property")) {
String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name"); //userDAO
String bean = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("bean"); //u
Object beanObject = beans.get(bean);//UserDAOImpl instance
String methodName = "set" + name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
System.out.println("method name = " + methodName);
Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
m.invoke(o, beanObject);
}
}
}
public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}
1)对m.invoke(o, beanObject);这段代码的理解
o这个对象,调用m这个方法,将beanObject这个参数传递进去。
2)理解
Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
xml文件:beans.xml
<beans>
<bean id="u" class="dao.impl.UserDAOImpl" />
<bean id="userService" class="service.UserService" >
<property name="userDAO" bean="u"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Spring里面有一个非常重要的概念:以来注入,这里通过property参数,就可以将UserDAOImpl和userService确定下来。
这两个文件要好好的对应看看,1)看看是怎么读取文件里面的内容的2)怎么对应的3)反射4)必须理解beanx.xml中beans是容器的概念
其它文件如下:
User.java
package model;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
UserDAO.java
package dao;
import model.User;
public interface UserDAO {
public void save(User user);
}
UserDAOImpl.java
package dao.impl;
import model.User;
import dao.UserDAO;
public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
public void save(User user) {
//Hibernate
//JDBC
//XML
//NetWork
System.out.println("user saved!");
}
}
BeanFactory.java
package spring;
public interface BeanFactory {
public Object getBean(String name);
}
测试:
测试中我们需要的UserService时,是从工厂中拿的,我们并没有new
package test;
import model.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import service.UserService;
import spring.BeanFactory;
import spring.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserServiceTest {
@Test
public void testAdd() throws Exception {
BeanFactory applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
UserService service = (UserService)applicationContext.getBean("userService");
// User u = new User();
// u.setUsername("zhangsan");
// u.setPassword("zhangsan");
// service.add(u);
}
}
对于测试,需要理解
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext()理解上下文概念。通过上下文得到Bean中的内容。